CN105116217A - Single-chip microcomputer-based weak signal frequency and phase automatic detection system and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Single-chip microcomputer-based weak signal frequency and phase automatic detection system and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于单片机的微弱信号频率和相位自动检测系统及其检测方法，包括耦合器和电源模块；耦合器上依次连接有第一级放大电路、第二级放大电路、整形电路、分频电路和单片机系统，单片机系统的另一端分别连接有显示模块和存储模块；第一级放大电路上还串联有与第二级放大电路相并联的幅值检测电路，幅值检测电路的另一端连接于单片机系统；耦合器上还连接有相位检测电路，相位检测电路的另一端连接于单片机系统；电源模块为整个系统供电。本发明结合单片机控制，利用多级放大技术，以分频器和触发器相结合的实现方法，获得高性能智能化信号自动检测，本发明自动化程度高，速度快测量效率高，安全性能好，操作方便。
The invention discloses a weak signal frequency and phase automatic detection system based on a single-chip microcomputer and a detection method thereof, including a coupler and a power supply module; frequency circuit and single-chip microcomputer system, and the other end of the single-chip microcomputer system is respectively connected with a display module and a storage module; the first-stage amplifying circuit is also connected in series with an amplitude detection circuit connected in parallel with the second-stage amplifying circuit, and the other end of the amplitude detection circuit It is connected to the single-chip computer system; a phase detection circuit is also connected to the coupler, and the other end of the phase detection circuit is connected to the single-chip computer system; the power supply module supplies power for the whole system. The invention combines single-chip microcomputer control, utilizes multi-stage amplification technology, and realizes the combination of frequency divider and trigger to obtain high-performance intelligent signal automatic detection. The invention has high degree of automation, fast speed, high measurement efficiency, and good safety performance. Easy to operate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及信息检测控制技术，具体涉及一种基于单片机的微弱信号频率和相位自动检测系统及其检测方法。The invention relates to information detection and control technology, in particular to a single-chip microcomputer-based weak signal frequency and phase automatic detection system and a detection method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
在电子技术中，频率是最基本的参数之一，因此频率的测量就显得尤为重要，而频率计则是一种专门对被测信号频率进行测量的电子测量仪器，In electronic technology, frequency is one of the most basic parameters, so the measurement of frequency is particularly important, and a frequency meter is an electronic measuring instrument specially used to measure the frequency of the signal under test.
在电子技术中，频率和相位是最重要和最基本的参数，并且与许多电参量的测量方案、测量结果有十分密切的关系，因此信号的频率和相位测量系统和方法在计算机、通讯、科研等各个领域显得非常重要。In electronic technology, frequency and phase are the most important and basic parameters, and are closely related to the measurement scheme and measurement results of many electrical parameters. other fields are very important.
目前，常见的频率计大多由信号输入电路、信号处理电路和计数显示电路组成，这类频率计响应速度快、成本低。2010年，钱伟提出的发明专利(申请号：201010574470.0)，利用单片机结合放大电路获得了简易的频率计；2013年，王火明提出的发明专利(申请号：201310411422.3)，利用逻辑电路和定时器相结合的方法测量了信号的频率；2014年，胡天吉提出的发明专利(申请号：201410164401.0)，利用DSP芯片结合整形电路，设计了数字频率计；2015年2月王雪提出的发明专利(申请号：201510082488.1)，利用CPLD芯片做出了调制域频率计数器及其连续测频方法。At present, most common frequency meters are composed of signal input circuit, signal processing circuit and counting display circuit. This type of frequency meter has fast response speed and low cost. In 2010, Qian Wei proposed a patent for invention (application number: 201010574470.0), using a single-chip microcomputer combined with an amplifier circuit to obtain a simple frequency meter; The combined method measures the frequency of the signal; in 2014, Hu Tianji proposed an invention patent (application number: 201410164401.0), using a DSP chip combined with a shaping circuit to design a digital frequency meter; in February 2015, Wang Xue proposed an invention patent (application number : 201510082488.1), using the CPLD chip to make a modulation domain frequency counter and its continuous frequency measurement method.
以上现有技术具有一定的使用价值，但是，这些系统的频带较窄，性能不稳定，且无法测量复杂多变信号的频率，而且在测量过程中多采用技术的方法不能准确的测量信号的波形，信号的整形不理想，不能同时测量信号的相位，因此，这些系统和方法的应用面较窄，限制其在电子测量中的应用。The above existing technologies have certain use value, but the frequency band of these systems is narrow, the performance is unstable, and the frequency of complex and variable signals cannot be measured, and the waveform of the signal cannot be accurately measured by many technical methods in the measurement process , the shaping of the signal is not ideal, and the phase of the signal cannot be measured at the same time. Therefore, the application of these systems and methods is narrow, which limits their application in electronic measurement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：本发明的目的在于解决现有技术存在的缺陷，提供过一种基于单片机的微弱信号频率和相位自动检测系统及其检测方法。Purpose of the invention: the purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects in the prior art, and provide a single-chip microcomputer-based weak signal frequency and phase automatic detection system and detection method thereof.
技术方案：本发明的一种基于单片机的微弱信号频率和相位自动检测系统，包括耦合器和电源模块；所述耦合器上依次连接有第一级放大电路、第二级放大电路、整形电路、分频电路和单片机系统，单片机系统的另一端分别连接有显示模块和存储模块；所述第一级放大电路上还串联有与第二级放大电路相并联的幅值检测电路，幅值检测电路的另一端连接于单片机系统；所述耦合器上还连接有相位检测电路，相位检测电路的另一端连接于单片机系统；所述电源模块为整个系统供电。Technical solution: A weak signal frequency and phase automatic detection system based on a single-chip microcomputer of the present invention includes a coupler and a power module; the coupler is sequentially connected with a first-stage amplifying circuit, a second-stage amplifying circuit, a shaping circuit, The frequency division circuit and the single-chip microcomputer system, the other end of the single-chip microcomputer system are respectively connected with a display module and a storage module; the first-stage amplifying circuit is also connected in series with an amplitude detection circuit connected in parallel with the second-stage amplifying circuit, and the amplitude detection circuit The other end of the coupler is connected to the single-chip microcomputer system; the coupler is also connected to a phase detection circuit, and the other end of the phase detection circuit is connected to the single-chip microcomputer system; the power supply module supplies power for the entire system.
进一步的，所述单片机系统为DSP控制器、ARM控制器和普通单片机控制器中的任意一种；所述显示模块为液晶显示和LED显示中的任意一种。Further, the single-chip microcomputer system is any one of DSP controller, ARM controller and ordinary single-chip microcomputer controller; the display module is any one of liquid crystal display and LED display.
进一步的，所述存储模块为动态随机存储器、静态存储器和同步动态随机存储器中的任意一种。Further, the storage module is any one of a dynamic random access memory, a static memory and a synchronous dynamic random access memory.
进一步的，所述电源模块为线性稳压电源。Further, the power module is a linear regulated power supply.
进一步的，所述第一级放大电路包括第一放大器芯片、电源和若干电阻、电容；所述电阻R1的一端连接地线，另一端连接信号的输入端和第一放大器芯片的第一引脚；电阻R2的一端连接地线，另一端连接第一放大器芯片的第八引脚；第一放大器芯片的第三引脚通过电阻R4分别连接电阻R3和电阻R5，其中电阻R4的另一端连接单片机系统，电阻R5的另一端连接电源；第一放大器芯片的第五引脚连接电阻R6，电阻R6的另一端作为信号的输出端；第一放大器芯片的第六引脚连接电容C2，电容C2的另一端连接地线；第一放大器芯片的第七引脚连接电容C1，电容C1的另一端连接地线，同时，第一放大器芯片的第六、七引脚分别连接电源模块。Further, the first-stage amplifying circuit includes a first amplifier chip, a power supply, and several resistors and capacitors; one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the ground wire, and the other end is connected to the input terminal of the signal and the first pin of the first amplifier chip ; One end of the resistor R2 is connected to the ground wire, and the other end is connected to the eighth pin of the first amplifier chip; the third pin of the first amplifier chip is respectively connected to the resistor R3 and the resistor R5 through the resistor R4, wherein the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the microcontroller system, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the power supply; the fifth pin of the first amplifier chip is connected to the resistor R6, and the other end of the resistor R6 is used as the output end of the signal; the sixth pin of the first amplifier chip is connected to the capacitor C2, and the capacitor C2 The other end is connected to the ground wire; the seventh pin of the first amplifier chip is connected to the capacitor C1, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the ground wire; meanwhile, the sixth and seventh pins of the first amplifier chip are respectively connected to the power module.
进一步的，所述幅值检测电路包括均方根直流转换芯片、电源和若干电阻、电容；所述电阻R7一端连接均方根直流转换芯片的第四引脚，电阻R7的另两端连接电源模块；均方根直流转换芯片的第六引脚连接电阻R8的一端，电阻R8另一端连接均方根直流转换芯片的第11引脚；均方根直流转换芯片的第12引脚和第13引脚分别通过电容C4和电容C3和地线连接，同时，均方根直流转换芯片的第12引脚和第13引脚分别连接电源模块；均方根直流转换芯片的第15引脚连接第一级放大电路的输出端，均方根直流转换芯片的第11引脚连接单片机系统。Further, the amplitude detection circuit includes a root mean square DC conversion chip, a power supply, and several resistors and capacitors; one end of the resistor R7 is connected to the fourth pin of the root mean square DC conversion chip, and the other two ends of the resistor R7 are connected to the power supply module; the sixth pin of the RMS DC conversion chip is connected to one end of the resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the 11th pin of the RMS DC conversion chip; the 12th pin and the 13th pin of the RMS DC conversion chip The pins are respectively connected to the ground wire through capacitor C4 and capacitor C3. At the same time, the 12th pin and the 13th pin of the RMS DC conversion chip are respectively connected to the power module; the 15th pin of the RMS DC conversion chip is connected to the The output end of the primary amplifier circuit, the 11th pin of the root mean square DC conversion chip is connected to the single-chip microcomputer system.
进一步的，所述第二级放大电路包括第二放大器芯片、电源和若干电阻、电容；所述第一级放大电路的输出端通过电阻R9连接到第二放大器芯片的第二引脚；电阻R10一端连接地线，另一端连接第二放大器芯片的第三引脚；电容C7的一端连接地线，另一端连接第二放大器芯片的第四引脚，并与电源连接，同时，第二放大器芯片的第四引脚通过电容C8连接第二放大器芯片的第七引脚；第二放大器芯片的第六引脚通过电阻R11作为第二级放大电路的信号输出端。Further, the second-stage amplifying circuit includes a second amplifier chip, a power supply, and several resistors and capacitors; the output terminal of the first-stage amplifying circuit is connected to the second pin of the second amplifier chip through a resistor R9; the resistor R10 One end is connected to the ground wire, and the other end is connected to the third pin of the second amplifier chip; one end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the ground wire, and the other end is connected to the fourth pin of the second amplifier chip, and is connected to the power supply. At the same time, the second amplifier chip The fourth pin of the second amplifier chip is connected to the seventh pin of the second amplifier chip through the capacitor C8; the sixth pin of the second amplifier chip is used as the signal output terminal of the second stage amplifier circuit through the resistor R11.
进一步的，在整形电路中，从第二级放大电路输出的信号连接电阻R12的一端，电阻R12的另一端连接第一选择器芯片的第六引脚；第一选择器芯片的第二引脚连接地线；第一选择器芯片的第16引脚连接电源；第一选择器芯片的第七引脚作为整形后的输出端；在分频电路中，从整形电路输出的信号连接第二选择器的第6引脚和第一计数器的第14引脚；第二选择器的第1引脚连接地线，第16引脚连接电源，第15引脚连接第1引脚后与地线连接，第二选择器的第1、14引脚分别作为一路分频信号输出，控制分频信号的频率，第二选择器的第4引脚连接第二计数器的第8引脚，第二选择器的第5引脚分别连接第一计数器的第8引脚和第二计数器的第14引脚；第1计数器的第2、3、6、7和10引脚连接地线，第一计数器的第5引脚连接电源；第2计数器的第2、3、6、7和10引脚连接地线，第二计数器的第5引脚连接电源；第二计数器的第7引脚作为分频后的信号输出，并且连接单片机系统上。Further, in the shaping circuit, the signal output from the second-stage amplifying circuit is connected to one end of the resistor R12, and the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to the sixth pin of the first selector chip; the second pin of the first selector chip Connect to the ground wire; the 16th pin of the first selector chip is connected to the power supply; the seventh pin of the first selector chip is used as the output terminal after shaping; in the frequency division circuit, the signal output from the shaping circuit is connected to the second selection The 6th pin of the selector and the 14th pin of the first counter; the 1st pin of the second selector is connected to the ground wire, the 16th pin is connected to the power supply, and the 15th pin is connected to the ground wire after connecting the 1st pin , the 1st and 14th pins of the second selector are respectively output as a frequency division signal to control the frequency of the frequency division signal, the 4th pin of the second selector is connected to the 8th pin of the second counter, the second selector The 5th pin of the first counter is connected to the 8th pin of the first counter and the 14th pin of the second counter; the 2nd, 3, 6, 7 and 10 pins of the 1st counter are connected to the ground wire, and the The 5 pins are connected to the power supply; the 2nd, 3, 6, 7 and 10 pins of the second counter are connected to the ground wire, and the 5th pin of the second counter is connected to the power supply; the 7th pin of the second counter is used as the frequency division Signal output, and connected to the microcontroller system.
进一步的，所述相位检测电路的输入端是连接起始信号，分成两路信号，其中一路信号通过电阻R16连接第三放大器芯片的第3引脚，第三放大器芯片的第二引脚通过电阻R14连接地线，同时，第2引脚通过电阻R15连接第6引脚，第4引脚连接地线，第7引脚连接电源，第6引脚连接第四放大器芯片的第3引脚，第四放大器芯片的第7引脚通过电容C11连接地线，第四放大器芯片的第6引脚通过二极管D1输出信号连接到触发器芯片的第3引脚；另一路信号的输入端连接到通过电阻R21连接第五放大器芯片的第3引脚，第五放大器芯片的第7引脚连接电源，第4引脚连接地线，第2引脚通过电阻R20连接其第6引脚，第五放大器芯片的第6引脚连接第六放大器芯片的第3引脚，第六放大器芯片的第2、4引脚连接地线，第7引脚连接电源，第6引脚连接通过二极管D2连接触发器第11引脚，触发器芯片的第2、4、10、12引脚连接电源，第1引脚连接其第8引脚，触发器芯片的第13引脚作为相位检测信号的输出与单片机系统连接，通过显示模块显示信号的相位。Further, the input terminal of the phase detection circuit is connected to the start signal and divided into two signals, wherein one signal is connected to the third pin of the third amplifier chip through the resistor R16, and the second pin of the third amplifier chip is connected to the second pin of the third amplifier chip through the resistor R16. R14 is connected to the ground wire. At the same time, the second pin is connected to the sixth pin through the resistor R15, the fourth pin is connected to the ground wire, the seventh pin is connected to the power supply, and the sixth pin is connected to the third pin of the fourth amplifier chip. The 7th pin of the fourth amplifier chip is connected to the ground wire through the capacitor C11, the 6th pin of the fourth amplifier chip is connected to the 3rd pin of the flip-flop chip through the output signal of the diode D1; the input terminal of the other signal is connected to the through Resistor R21 is connected to the 3rd pin of the fifth amplifier chip, the 7th pin of the fifth amplifier chip is connected to the power supply, the 4th pin is connected to the ground wire, the 2nd pin is connected to its 6th pin through the resistor R20, the fifth amplifier chip The 6th pin of the chip is connected to the 3rd pin of the sixth amplifier chip, the 2nd and 4th pins of the sixth amplifier chip are connected to the ground wire, the 7th pin is connected to the power supply, and the 6th pin is connected to the trigger through the diode D2 The 11th pin, the 2nd, 4th, 10th, 12th pins of the flip-flop chip are connected to the power supply, the 1st pin is connected to its 8th pin, the 13th pin of the flip-flop chip is used as the output of the phase detection signal and the microcontroller system connected to display the phase of the signal via the display module.
本发明还公开了一种基于单片机的信号频率自动检测系统的检测方法，包括以下步骤：The invention also discloses a detection method based on a single-chip microcomputer-based signal frequency automatic detection system, comprising the following steps:
所述输入信号被耦合器分成两束信号，其中一路信号进入第一级放大电路，经放大后的信号一部分进入第二级放大电路，经第二级放大电路放大的信号进入整形电路，经整形后的信号进入分频电路进行分频，分频后的信号进入单片机处理，之后进入显示模块显示以及存储模块存储；经第一级放大电路放大后的另一路信号进入幅值检测电路，检测电路输出的直流信号进入单片机处理，根据设置的检测阈值，单片机返回信号给第一级放大电路进行增益的控制，可以保证第一级放大电路根据输入信号的强弱进行增益的自动控制；从耦合器输出的另一路信号进入相位检测电路，相位检测后的信号进入单片机处理，并且经存储模块和显示模块进行存储和显示。The input signal is divided into two bundles of signals by the coupler, one of the signals enters the first-stage amplifying circuit, part of the amplified signal enters the second-stage amplifying circuit, and the signal amplified by the second-stage amplifying circuit enters the shaping circuit, and after shaping The final signal enters the frequency division circuit for frequency division, and the signal after frequency division enters the single-chip microcomputer for processing, and then enters the display module for display and storage module storage; the other signal amplified by the first-stage amplifier circuit enters the amplitude detection circuit, and the detection circuit The output DC signal enters the single-chip microcomputer for processing. According to the set detection threshold, the single-chip microcomputer returns the signal to the first-stage amplifying circuit for gain control, which can ensure that the first-stage amplifying circuit automatically controls the gain according to the strength of the input signal; from the coupler The other output signal enters the phase detection circuit, and the signal after phase detection enters the single-chip microcomputer for processing, and is stored and displayed through the storage module and the display module.
有益效果：本发明结合单片机控制，利用多级放大技术，以分频器和触发器相结合的实现方法，获得高性能智能化信号自动检测；具体包括以下优点：Beneficial effects: the present invention combines single-chip microcomputer control, utilizes multi-stage amplification technology, and realizes the combination of frequency divider and trigger to obtain high-performance intelligent signal automatic detection; specifically, it includes the following advantages:
(1)本发明能够实现自动检测信号的频率和相位，无需人工过多干预操作，大大提高测量效率；(1) The present invention can automatically detect the frequency and phase of the signal without too much manual intervention, greatly improving the measurement efficiency;
(2)本发明中的控制系统能够实现数据通信、数据处理、系统控制及中断等处理功能。(2) The control system in the present invention can realize processing functions such as data communication, data processing, system control and interruption.
综上所述，本发明自动化程度高，速度快测量效率高，安全性能好，操作方便。To sum up, the present invention has high degree of automation, fast speed, high measurement efficiency, good safety performance and convenient operation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的系统连接框图；Fig. 1 is a system connection block diagram of the present invention;
图2为实施例中第一级放大电路示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the first stage amplifier circuit in the embodiment;
图3为实施例中幅值检测电路示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of amplitude detection circuit in the embodiment;
图4为实施例中第二级放大电路示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the second stage amplifier circuit in the embodiment;
图5为实施例中整形和分频电路示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of shaping and frequency dividing circuit in the embodiment;
图6为实施例中相位检测电路示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of a phase detection circuit in an embodiment;
图7为实施例中检测的低频波形图；Fig. 7 is the low-frequency waveform diagram detected in the embodiment;
图8为实施例中检测的高频波形图；Fig. 8 is the high-frequency waveform figure that detects in the embodiment;
图9为本发明实施例中相位差检测仿真图。FIG. 9 is a simulation diagram of phase difference detection in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明技术方案进行详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
如图1所示，本实施例的基于单片机的微弱信号频率和相位自动检测系统，包括依次连接的耦合器100、第一级放大电路101、第二级放大电路102、整形电路103、分频电路104、单片机系统105、幅值检测电路106、显示模块107、相位检测电路108、存储模块109和电源模块110。As shown in Figure 1, the weak signal frequency and phase automatic detection system based on the single-chip microcomputer of this embodiment includes a coupler 100 connected in sequence, a first-stage amplifier circuit 101, a second-stage amplifier circuit 102, a shaping circuit 103, a frequency division Circuit 104 , single-chip microcomputer system 105 , amplitude detection circuit 106 , display module 107 , phase detection circuit 108 , storage module 109 and power supply module 110 .
其中，单片机系统105包含飞思卡尔单片机MC9S12XS128MAL芯片、时钟电路、复位电路和JIAG结构。Wherein, the single-chip microcomputer system 105 includes a Freescale single-chip microcomputer MC9S12XS128MAL chip, a clock circuit, a reset circuit and a JIAG structure.
如图2所示，第一级放大电路101包括电阻R1(50欧姆)、R2(25欧姆)、R3(1K欧姆)、R4(2K欧姆滑动变阻器)、R5(1K欧姆)和R6(50欧姆)、电容C1(0.1μF)、C2(0.1μF)，第一放大器芯片采用的是TI公司的VCA810放大芯片，共有8个引脚。CVA810的第1引脚作为被测信号的输入端，CVA810的第1引脚同时通过电阻R1与地线连接；CVA810的第2引脚与地线连接；VA810的第6引脚与+5的电源连接，同时第6引脚通过电容C2与地线连接；CVA810的第7引脚与-5的电源连接，同时第6引脚通过电容C1与地线连接；CVA810的第8引脚通过电阻R2与地线连接；CVA810的第三号引脚连接滑动变阻器R4的滑动端连接，滑动变阻器R4的第二个接头通过R5与-5V电源连接，第三接头通过电阻R3与单片机系统连接，控制第一级放大电路的增益；CVA810的第4引脚悬空；CVA810的第5引脚通过电阻R6作为第一级放大电路的放大信号输出。As shown in Figure 2, the first-stage amplifying circuit 101 includes resistors R1 (50 ohm), R2 (25 ohm), R3 (1K ohm), R4 (2K ohm sliding rheostat), R5 (1K ohm) and R6 (50 ohm ), capacitors C1 (0.1μF), C2 (0.1μF), and the first amplifier chip uses TI's VCA810 amplifier chip, which has 8 pins in total. The first pin of CVA810 is used as the input terminal of the signal to be tested. The first pin of CVA810 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R1 at the same time; the second pin of CVA810 is connected to the ground wire; the sixth pin of VA810 is connected to the +5 Power connection, while the 6th pin is connected to the ground wire through the capacitor C2; the 7th pin of the CVA810 is connected to the power supply of -5, and the 6th pin is connected to the ground wire through the capacitor C1; the 8th pin of the CVA810 is connected to the resistor R2 is connected to the ground wire; the third pin of CVA810 is connected to the sliding end of the sliding rheostat R4, the second joint of the sliding rheostat R4 is connected to the -5V power supply through R5, and the third joint is connected to the microcontroller system through the resistor R3. The gain of the first-stage amplifying circuit; the fourth pin of CVA810 is suspended; the fifth pin of CVA810 is output as the amplified signal of the first-stage amplifying circuit through the resistor R6.
如图3所示，幅值检测电路106中采用的是AD公司的AD637高精度宽带均方根直流转换器作为幅值检测电路的主要器件，该器件为+5V和-5V双电源供电，有16个引脚，该电路还包括电阻R7(50K欧姆滑动变阻器)、R8(50K欧姆滑动变阻器)，电容C3(0.1μF)、C4(0.1μF)、C5(10μF)和C6(0.1μF)。AD637的第1、3引脚与地线连接；AD637的第二、五、七、八、九、十四和十六引脚悬空；AD637的第四号引脚连接滑动电阻R7滑动端，电阻R7的两端分别接+5V和-5V电源；AD637的第6引脚通过滑动电阻R8连接到AD637的第11引脚；AD637的第10引脚通过电容C5连接到AD637的第11引脚；AD637的第11引脚通过电容C6连接到地线，并连接到单片机系统，利用单片机系统对第一级放大电路的增益进行自动控制；AD637的第12引脚连接-5V电源，并通过电容C4连接到地线；AD637的第13引脚连接+5V电源，并通过电容C3连接到地线；AD637的第15引脚与第一级放大电路的输出端相连，作为幅值检测电路的信号输入。As shown in Figure 3, the AD637 high-precision broadband RMS DC converter of AD Company is used in the amplitude detection circuit 106 as the main device of the amplitude detection circuit. The device is powered by +5V and -5V dual power supplies, and has 16 pins, the circuit also includes resistors R7 (50K ohm sliding rheostat), R8 (50K ohm sliding rheostat), capacitors C3 (0.1μF), C4 (0.1μF), C5 (10μF) and C6 (0.1μF). The first and third pins of AD637 are connected to the ground wire; the second, fifth, seventh, eighth, ninth, fourteenth and sixteenth pins of AD637 are suspended; the fourth pin of AD637 is connected to the sliding end of sliding resistor R7, and the resistance The two ends of R7 are respectively connected to +5V and -5V power supply; the 6th pin of AD637 is connected to the 11th pin of AD637 through sliding resistor R8; the 10th pin of AD637 is connected to the 11th pin of AD637 through capacitor C5; The 11th pin of the AD637 is connected to the ground wire through the capacitor C6, and connected to the single-chip microcomputer system, and the gain of the first-stage amplifier circuit is automatically controlled by the single-chip microcomputer system; the 12th pin of the AD637 is connected to the -5V power supply, and through the capacitor C4 Connect to the ground wire; the 13th pin of AD637 is connected to +5V power supply, and connected to the ground wire through capacitor C3; the 15th pin of AD637 is connected to the output terminal of the first stage amplifier circuit, which is used as the signal input of the amplitude detection circuit .
如图4所示，本实施例中的第二级放大电路102采用的是TI公司的OPA842宽带放大芯片作为放大电路的主要器件，该器件为+5V和-5V双电源供电，有8个引脚，该电路还包括电阻R9(82欧姆)、R10(68欧姆)、R11(470欧姆)和R12(50欧姆)，电容C7(0.1μF)、C8(0.1μF)和C9(0.1μF)。OPA842的第1、5和8引脚悬空；OPA842的第2引脚通过电阻R11连接到OPA842的第6引脚；从第一级放大电路的输出端输出的第一级放大信号通过电阻R9与OPA842的第2引脚连接；OPA842的第3引脚通过电阻R10连接到地线；OPA842的第4引脚与-5V电源连接，OPA842的第4引脚通过电容C7与地线连接，同时OPA842的第4引脚通过电容C8连接OPA842的第7引脚；OPA842的第7引脚通过电容C9与地线连接，同时OPA842的第7引脚连接+5V电源；OPA842的第6引脚通过电阻R12连接地线，同时OPA842的第6引脚作为第二级放大电路的输出信号端连接整形与分频电路的输入端。As shown in Figure 4, the second-stage amplifying circuit 102 in this embodiment adopts the OPA842 broadband amplifying chip of TI Company as the main device of the amplifying circuit. Pin, the circuit also includes resistors R9 (82 ohms), R10 (68 ohms), R11 (470 ohms) and R12 (50 ohms), capacitors C7 (0.1 μF), C8 (0.1 μF) and C9 (0.1 μF). The 1st, 5th and 8th pins of the OPA842 are floating; the 2nd pin of the OPA842 is connected to the 6th pin of the OPA842 through the resistor R11; The 2nd pin of the OPA842 is connected; the 3rd pin of the OPA842 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R10; the 4th pin of the OPA842 is connected to the -5V power supply, and the 4th pin of the OPA842 is connected to the ground wire through the capacitor C7, while the OPA842 The 4th pin of the OPA842 is connected to the 7th pin of the OPA842 through the capacitor C8; the 7th pin of the OPA842 is connected to the ground wire through the capacitor C9, and the 7th pin of the OPA842 is connected to the +5V power supply; the 6th pin of the OPA842 is connected to the resistor R12 is connected to the ground wire, and the sixth pin of OPA842 is used as the output signal end of the second-stage amplifier circuit to connect to the input end of the shaping and frequency division circuit.
如图5所示，整形与分频电路(103、104)采用的是两个数据选择器芯片74HC153和两个计数器74LS90芯片作为整形与分频电路的主要器件，该电路为+5V和-5V双电源供电，该电路还包括电阻R13。选择器74HC153共有16个引脚，74LS90共有14个引脚。第一个74HC153电阻作为整形电路，从第二级放大电路输出的信号(图4中的OPA842第6引脚输出)通过电阻R13(1K欧姆)输入到第一个74HC153的第6引脚，作为整形与分频电路的输入端；第一个74HC153的第1、2引脚连接地线，第8引脚连接地线，第14、15引脚连接地线，第16引脚连接+5V电源；第3、4、5、9、10、11、12、13引脚悬空；第一个74HC153的第7引脚连接作为整形电路的输出端连接分频电路的输入端，分别连接到第二个74HC153的第6引脚和第一个和第二个74LS90的第14引脚；第二个74HC153的第1引脚接地，同时第1引脚与其第15引脚连接；第2引脚和第14号引脚分别为分频1和分频2，与单片机系统连接，当单片机系统对分频1和分频2都不使能时，输出为1分频，当有一个分频高电平时为10分频，当两个分频同为高电平时，即为100分频；第二个74HC153的第3、9、10、11、12和13引脚悬空；第二个74HC153的第16引脚连接+5V电源，第8引脚接地，第4引脚连接第二个74LS90的第8引脚，第5引脚连接第一个74LS90的第8引脚和第二个74LS的第14引脚，第二个74HC153的第7引脚作为分频器的输出端输出分频后的信号连接单片机系统；第一个74LS90的第1引脚连接其第12引脚，第2、3、6和7引脚连接地线，第10引脚连接地线，第5引脚连接+5V电源，其余引脚悬空；第二个74LS90的第1引脚连接其第12引脚，第2、3、6和7引脚连接地线，第10引脚连接地线，第5引脚连接+5V电源，其余引脚悬空。As shown in Figure 5, the shaping and frequency division circuits (103, 104) adopt two data selector chips 74HC153 and two counter 74LS90 chips as the main components of the shaping and frequency division circuits, and the circuits are +5V and -5V For dual power supply, the circuit also includes resistor R13. The selector 74HC153 has a total of 16 pins, and the 74LS90 has a total of 14 pins. The first 74HC153 resistor acts as a shaping circuit, and the signal output from the second-stage amplifying circuit (output from the 6th pin of OPA842 in Figure 4) is input to the 6th pin of the first 74HC153 through the resistor R13 (1K ohm), as The input end of the shaping and frequency division circuit; the 1st and 2nd pins of the first 74HC153 are connected to the ground wire, the 8th pin is connected to the ground wire, the 14th and 15th pins are connected to the ground wire, and the 16th pin is connected to the +5V power supply ; The 3rd, 4th, 5th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th pins are suspended; the 7th pin of the first 74HC153 is connected as the output end of the shaping circuit to the input end of the frequency division circuit, and respectively connected to the second The 6th pin of a 74HC153 and the 14th pin of the first and second 74LS90; the 1st pin of the second 74HC153 is grounded, and the 1st pin is connected to its 15th pin; the 2nd pin and The No. 14 pins are frequency division 1 and frequency division 2 respectively, which are connected to the MCU system. When the MCU system does not enable frequency division 1 and frequency division 2, the output is 1 frequency division. When there is a frequency division high voltage Normally, the frequency division is 10, when the two frequency divisions are at the same high level, it is 100 frequency division; the 3rd, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th pins of the second 74HC153 are suspended; the second 74HC153's first The 16th pin is connected to the +5V power supply, the 8th pin is connected to the ground, the 4th pin is connected to the 8th pin of the second 74LS90, the 5th pin is connected to the 8th pin of the first 74LS90 and the 8th pin of the second 74LS 14 pins, the 7th pin of the second 74HC153 is used as the output terminal of the frequency divider to output the frequency-divided signal to connect to the microcontroller system; the 1st pin of the first 74LS90 is connected to its 12th pin, the 2nd, 3rd , 6 and 7 pins are connected to the ground wire, the 10th pin is connected to the ground wire, the 5th pin is connected to the +5V power supply, and the remaining pins are suspended; the 1st pin of the second 74LS90 is connected to its 12th pin, and the 2nd pin , 3, 6 and 7 pins are connected to the ground wire, the 10th pin is connected to the ground wire, the 5th pin is connected to the +5V power supply, and the rest of the pins are floating.
如图6所示，本实施例中的相位检测电路108采用的是两个TI公司的放大芯片OPA657、两个OPA843放大芯片和一个双频D触发器74HC74的主要器件，该电路为+5V和-5V双电源供电，该电路还包括电阻R14(50欧姆)、R15(453欧姆)、R16(50欧姆)、R17(10K欧姆)、R18(10K欧姆)、R19(50欧姆)、R20(453欧姆)、R21(50欧姆)、R22(10K欧姆)和R23(10K欧姆)，电容C11(0.1μF)、C12(0.1μF)、C10(0.1μF)、C13(0.1μF)、C14(10μF)、C17(0.1μF)、C15(0.1μF)和C16(0.1μF)，二极管D1和D2。相位检测电路分为上下两部分，上部分包括第一个OPA657、第一个OPA843和74HC74，下部分包括第二个OPA657和第二个OPA843。被检测信号分成两路，第一路信号进入相位检测电路的上部分，连接第一个OPA657的第3引脚，第3引脚通过电阻R16与地线连接，第2引脚通过电阻R14与地线连接，同时，第2引脚通过电阻R1连接第6引脚，第4引脚连接-5V电源，同时连接电容C10与地线连接，第7引脚连接+5V电源，同时连接电容C11与地线连接，其他引脚悬空，从第一个OPA657的第6引脚输出的信号连接上部分的第一个OPA843第3引脚；第一个OPA843第2引脚接地，第4引脚连接-5V电源，同时连接电容C13与地线连接，第7引脚连接+5V电源，同时连接电容C12与地线连接，第6引脚通过电阻R17连接第7引脚，同时第6引脚通过二极管D1连接D触发器74HC74的第3引脚，在二极管D1和74HC74的第3引脚之间用电阻R18和地线连接。在相位检测的下部分，输入信号连接第二个OPA657的第3引脚，同时第3引脚通过电阻R21与地线连接，第二个OPA657的第2引脚通过电阻R19连接地线，同时第2引脚通过电阻R20与第6引脚连接，第4引脚连接-5V电源，同时连接电容C15与地线连接，第7引脚连接+5V电源，同时连接电容C14与地线连接，第6引脚连接第二个OPA843的第3引脚，第二个OPA843的第2引脚与地线连接，第4引脚连接-5V电源，同时连接电容C16与地线连接，第7引脚连接+5V电源，同时连接电容C17与地线连接，第6引脚通过电阻R22连接第7引脚，同时第6引脚通过二极管D2连接D触发器74HC74的第11引脚，在二极管D2和74HC74的第11引脚之间用电阻R23和地线连接；在D触发器74HC74的第1引脚连接其第8引脚，第2和第4引脚连接+5V电源，第10和第12引脚连接-5V电源，第7引脚连接地线，第5和13输出到单片机系统上进行分析比较，并在显示模块上显示相位。As shown in Figure 6, what the phase detection circuit 108 in the present embodiment adopts is the main device of two TI company's amplifier chips OPA657, two OPA843 amplifier chips and a dual-frequency D flip-flop 74HC74, and this circuit is +5V and -5V dual power supply, the circuit also includes resistors R14 (50 ohms), R15 (453 ohms), R16 (50 ohms), R17 (10K ohms), R18 (10K ohms), R19 (50 ohms), R20 (453 ohms) ohm), R21 (50 ohm), R22 (10K ohm) and R23 (10K ohm), capacitor C11 (0.1μF), C12 (0.1μF), C10 (0.1μF), C13 (0.1μF), C14 (10μF) , C17 (0.1μF), C15 (0.1μF) and C16 (0.1μF), diodes D1 and D2. The phase detection circuit is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part includes the first OPA657, the first OPA843 and 74HC74, and the lower part includes the second OPA657 and the second OPA843. The detected signal is divided into two channels, the first channel signal enters the upper part of the phase detection circuit, and connects the third pin of the first OPA657, the third pin is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R16, and the second pin is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R14 Connect the ground wire. At the same time, the 2nd pin is connected to the 6th pin through the resistor R1, the 4th pin is connected to the -5V power supply, and the capacitor C10 is connected to the ground wire, and the 7th pin is connected to the +5V power supply, and the capacitor C11 is connected at the same time. Connect to the ground wire, other pins are suspended, the signal output from the 6th pin of the first OPA657 is connected to the 3rd pin of the first OPA843 on the upper part; the 2nd pin of the first OPA843 is grounded, and the 4th pin Connect the -5V power supply, connect the capacitor C13 to the ground wire at the same time, connect the 7th pin to the +5V power supply, and connect the capacitor C12 to the ground wire at the same time, connect the 6th pin to the 7th pin through the resistor R17, and connect the 6th pin Connect the 3rd pin of the D flip-flop 74HC74 through the diode D1, connect the resistor R18 and the ground wire between the diode D1 and the 3rd pin of the 74HC74. In the lower part of the phase detection, the input signal is connected to the third pin of the second OPA657, and the third pin is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R21, and the second pin of the second OPA657 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R19, and at the same time The 2nd pin is connected to the 6th pin through the resistor R20, the 4th pin is connected to the -5V power supply, and the capacitor C15 is connected to the ground wire, and the 7th pin is connected to the +5V power supply, and the capacitor C14 is connected to the ground wire at the same time. The 6th pin is connected to the 3rd pin of the second OPA843, the 2nd pin of the second OPA843 is connected to the ground wire, the 4th pin is connected to the -5V power supply, and the capacitor C16 is connected to the ground wire at the same time, the 7th pin The pin is connected to the +5V power supply, and the capacitor C17 is connected to the ground wire at the same time. The 6th pin is connected to the 7th pin through the resistor R22, and the 6th pin is connected to the 11th pin of the D flip-flop 74HC74 through the diode D2, and the diode D2 Connect with the 11th pin of 74HC74 with resistor R23 and the ground wire; connect the 1st pin of D flip-flop 74HC74 to its 8th pin, the 2nd and 4th pins to +5V power supply, the 10th and 4th pins The 12th pin is connected to the -5V power supply, the 7th pin is connected to the ground wire, the 5th and 13th pins are output to the single-chip microcomputer system for analysis and comparison, and the phase is displayed on the display module.
上述基于单片机的微弱信号频率和相位自动检测系统的检测方法，包括以下步骤：输入信号被耦合器分成两束信号，其中一路信号进入第一级放大电路，经放大后的信号一部分进入第二级放大电路，经第二级放大电路放大的信号进入整形电路，经整形后的信号进入分频电路进行分频，分频后的信号进入单片机处理，之后进入显示模块显示以及存储模块存储；经第一级放大电路放大后的另一路信号进入幅值检测电路，检测电路输出的直流信号进入单片机处理，根据设置的检测阈值，单片机返回信号给第一级放大电路进行增益的控制，可以保证第一级放大电路根据输入信号的强弱进行增益的自动控制；从耦合器输出的另一路信号进入相位检测电路，相位检测后的信号进入单片机处理，并且经存储模块和显示模块进行存储和显示。The detection method of the above-mentioned weak signal frequency and phase automatic detection system based on the single-chip microcomputer includes the following steps: the input signal is divided into two beams of signals by the coupler, one of the signals enters the first-stage amplifying circuit, and part of the amplified signal enters the second-stage Amplifying circuit, the signal amplified by the second-stage amplifying circuit enters the shaping circuit, the signal after shaping enters the frequency division circuit for frequency division, the signal after frequency division enters the single-chip microcomputer for processing, and then enters the display module for display and storage module storage; The other signal amplified by the first-stage amplifier circuit enters the amplitude detection circuit, and the DC signal output by the detection circuit enters the single-chip microcomputer for processing. According to the set detection threshold, the single-chip microcomputer returns the signal to the first-stage amplifier circuit for gain control, which can ensure the first The first-stage amplifying circuit automatically controls the gain according to the strength of the input signal; another signal output from the coupler enters the phase detection circuit, and the signal after phase detection enters the single-chip microcomputer for processing, and is stored and displayed by the storage module and the display module.
在本实施例中，经过测量50mV输入正弦信号的2Hz和53MHz信号分别如图7和8所示，从图7可以看出，信号的频率较低在示波器上显示的小于10Hz，在图8中显示的是53MHz的高频信号，测量的结果为53.08MHz。In this embodiment, the 2Hz and 53MHz signals of the 50mV input sinusoidal signal are measured as shown in Figures 7 and 8 respectively. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the frequency of the signal is lower than 10Hz displayed on the oscilloscope. In Figure 8 What is displayed is a high-frequency signal of 53MHz, and the measured result is 53.08MHz.
图9为本实施例中相位检测电路输出的图形信号，其中包含被检测信号，经过比较的信号，以及两路信号的比较后的图，从比较后的脉冲信号的宽度可以获得被测信号的相位。Figure 9 is the graphic signal output by the phase detection circuit in this embodiment, which includes the detected signal, the compared signal, and the compared figure of the two signals, and the width of the measured signal can be obtained from the width of the compared pulse signal phase.
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