CN104865176A - Seepage experiment system and method for gas-containing coal under action of impact load - Google Patents
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验系统，其包括煤样固定装置、冲击载荷加载装置和与煤样固定装置相连接的高压气源装置、轴压加载装置、围压加载装置、抽真空装置以及计量和数据采集装置；所述冲击载荷加载装置为分离式霍普金森压杆装置。本发明采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置施加冲击载荷来模拟冲击地压，通过施加不同的轴向应力和径向应力，可以模拟煤矿井下煤岩体三维受载条件，成功进行了三维应力状态下煤样在冲击载荷作用下的渗流实验，在理论和实践上都具有比较重要的意义。
The invention discloses a gas-containing coal seepage test system under the action of impact load, which comprises a coal sample fixing device, an impact load loading device, a high-pressure gas source device connected with the coal sample fixing device, an axial pressure loading device, and a confining pressure loading device. device, vacuum device, metering and data acquisition device; the impact load loading device is a separate Hopkinson pressure rod device. The present invention adopts the separated Hopkinson compression rod device to apply impact load to simulate rock burst, and by applying different axial stress and radial stress, it can simulate the three-dimensional loading conditions of coal and rock mass in the coal mine, and successfully carried out the three-dimensional stress state The seepage experiment of the lower coal sample under the action of impact load is of great significance both in theory and practice.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种用于不同轴压、不同围压、不同冲击载荷作用条件下的含瓦斯煤渗流特性的实验系统和方法，用于模拟和研究煤矿井下发生煤岩动力灾害条件的含瓦斯煤在冲击载荷作用下的渗流特性。 The invention relates to an experimental system and method for the seepage characteristics of gas-containing coal under the conditions of different axial pressures, different confining pressures, and different impact loads, and is used for simulating and studying the gas-containing coal under the conditions of coal-rock dynamic disasters in coal mines. Seepage characteristics of coal under impact loads.
背景技术 Background technique
冲击地压又称岩爆，是指煤矿井巷或回采工作面周围处于高地应力条件下的煤岩体受到覆岩垮落或爆破扰动发生破坏，并在破坏过程中受到围岩的进一步快速挤压作用，从而产生的弹性变形能瞬时释放出巨大的能量而产生破坏的矿井动力现象，在此过程中煤层的力学性质会产生巨大变化，甚至导致煤与瓦斯突出等煤岩动力灾害。 Rockburst, also known as rockburst, refers to the destruction of the coal rock mass under high ground stress conditions around the coal mine roadway or mining face by the overlying rock collapse or blasting disturbance, and is further rapidly squeezed by the surrounding rock during the destruction process. The resulting elastic deformation can release huge energy instantaneously and cause damage to the mine dynamic phenomenon. During this process, the mechanical properties of the coal seam will change dramatically, and even lead to coal and rock dynamic disasters such as coal and gas outbursts.
煤层除了受煤层瓦斯压力、地应力、煤体物理力学性质、围岩结构、地下水和地温等诸多因素影响外，还在很大程度上受到煤矿开采过程中机械振动、爆破、地震以及冲击地压产生的冲击载荷的影响，从而使煤体的渗流特性产生不同程度的变化，影响煤矿井下正常的回采作业。以往的相似实验系统还没有对含瓦斯煤在施加冲击载荷前后渗流特性的变化进行实验研究。 In addition to being affected by many factors such as coal seam gas pressure, ground stress, coal physical and mechanical properties, surrounding rock structure, groundwater and ground temperature, coal seams are also largely affected by mechanical vibration, blasting, earthquakes and rock bursts during coal mining. The influence of the impact load generated will cause the seepage characteristics of the coal body to change to varying degrees, which will affect the normal mining operation of the coal mine. Previous similar experimental systems have not conducted experimental research on the change of seepage characteristics of gas-containing coal before and after impact load is applied.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于克服现有技术缺陷，提供一种冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验系统和方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a gas-containing coal seepage test system and method under impact load.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案： To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验系统，其包括煤样固定装置、冲击载荷加载装置和与煤样固定装置相连接的高压气源装置、轴压加载装置、围压加载装置、抽真空装置以及计量和数据采集装置；所述冲击载荷加载装置为分离式霍普金森压杆装置；所述高压气源装置由顺次连接的高压瓦斯罐、减压阀、第一阀门、第一气压表和三通阀组成，三通阀的另外两端通过管路分别连接抽真空装置和煤样固定装置的气体入口；所述轴压加载装置由顺次连接的轴压油泵、第一压力调节阀、第二阀门和第一液压表组成，所述第一液压表通过管路与煤样固定装置的轴压注油口相连接；所述围压加载装置由顺次连接的围压油泵、第二压力调节阀、第三阀门和第二液压表组成，所述第二液压表通过管路与煤样固定装置的围压注油口相连接；所述计量和数据采集装置由顺次连接的数据采集系统、气体体积流量计、第四阀门和第二气压表组成，所述第二气压表与煤样固定装置的气体出口相连接。 A gas-containing coal seepage experimental system under the action of impact load, which includes a coal sample fixing device, an impact load loading device, a high-pressure gas source device connected to the coal sample fixing device, an axial pressure loading device, a confining pressure loading device, and a vacuum pumping device. device and metering and data acquisition device; the impact load loading device is a separate Hopkinson pressure rod device; the high-pressure gas source device is composed of a high-pressure gas tank, a pressure reducing valve, a first valve, and a first air pressure device connected in sequence. The other two ends of the three-way valve are respectively connected to the gas inlet of the vacuum device and the coal sample fixing device through pipelines; Valve, the second valve and the first hydraulic gauge, the first hydraulic gauge is connected to the axial pressure oil injection port of the coal sample fixing device through the pipeline; the confining pressure loading device is composed of the confining pressure oil pump connected in sequence, the second Two pressure regulating valves, a third valve and a second hydraulic gauge are composed, and the second hydraulic gauge is connected to the confining pressure oil injection port of the coal sample fixing device through a pipeline; The collection system is composed of a gas volume flow meter, a fourth valve and a second air pressure gauge, and the second air pressure gauge is connected with the gas outlet of the coal sample fixing device.
具体的，所述煤样固定装置由煤样室和固定于煤样室上方的轴压缸体组成；所述轴压缸体内设有带压力传感器的轴向加载杆，轴向加载杆的一端伸出轴压缸体外且与分离式霍普金森压杆装置处于同一水平面，另一端伸入煤样室内，轴向加载杆的中部设有与轴向加载杆相垂直的密封板，密封板的两端通过密封圈与轴压缸体的内壁密封连接；所述轴压缸体上方设有位移传感器，轴压缸体的侧壁设有两个轴压注油口，两个轴压注油口分别位于密封板的上、下方，轴压缸体的侧壁还开设有气体入口；所述煤样室包括位于煤样室底部的可拆卸承压挡板和位于煤样室内部设有中空煤样型腔的密封胶套，密封胶套外侧壁开设有凹槽且该凹槽与煤样室内侧壁形成环形围压油腔，煤样置于密封胶套的中空煤样型腔内且与环形围压油腔相隔离，密封胶套的下方设置密封垫；煤样型腔的顶部设有第一多孔板，煤样型腔的底部设有第二多孔板，轴压缸体的气体入口通过轴向加载杆内部的气体管路与煤样型腔顶部的第一多孔板相连通，伸入煤样室的轴向加载杆的端部与第一多孔板压接；煤样室侧壁设有围压注油口和气体出口，煤样室的气体出口通过承压挡板内部的气体管路与煤样型腔底部的第二多孔板相连通。具体的，所述抽真空装置由顺次连接的真空泵和第五阀门组成。 Specifically, the coal sample fixing device is composed of a coal sample chamber and an axial pressure cylinder fixed above the coal sample chamber; the axial pressure cylinder is provided with an axial loading rod with a pressure sensor, and the axial loading rod One end extends out of the axial pressure cylinder and is at the same level as the split Hopkinson pressure rod device, and the other end extends into the coal sample chamber. The middle part of the axial loading rod is provided with a sealing plate perpendicular to the axial loading rod. The two ends of the plate are sealed and connected with the inner wall of the axial pressure cylinder through the sealing ring; a displacement sensor is arranged above the axial pressure cylinder, and two axial pressure oil injection ports are arranged on the side wall of the axial pressure cylinder, and the two axial pressure oil injection ports are arranged on the side wall of the axial pressure cylinder. The ports are respectively located above and below the sealing plate, and the side wall of the axial pressure cylinder is also provided with a gas inlet; the coal sample chamber includes a detachable pressure-bearing baffle at the bottom of the coal sample chamber and a hollow chamber located inside the coal sample chamber. The sealing rubber sleeve of the coal sample cavity, the outer wall of the sealing rubber sleeve is provided with a groove, and the groove forms an annular confining pressure oil chamber with the side wall of the coal sample chamber, and the coal sample is placed in the hollow coal sample cavity of the sealing rubber sleeve and It is isolated from the annular confining pressure oil chamber, and a sealing gasket is set under the sealing rubber sleeve; the top of the coal sample cavity is equipped with a first porous plate, the bottom of the coal sample cavity is equipped with a second porous plate, and the axial pressure cylinder The gas inlet of the gas inlet communicates with the first porous plate on the top of the coal sample cavity through the gas pipeline inside the axial loading rod, and the end of the axial loading rod extending into the coal sample chamber is crimped with the first porous plate; The side wall of the coal sample chamber is provided with a confining pressure oil injection port and a gas outlet, and the gas outlet of the coal sample chamber communicates with the second porous plate at the bottom of the coal sample cavity through the gas pipeline inside the pressure-bearing baffle. Specifically, the vacuum pumping device is composed of a vacuum pump and a fifth valve connected in sequence.
使用上述系统进行冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验的方法，其包括如下步骤： The method for carrying out the gas-containing coal seepage experiment under the impact load using the above-mentioned system comprises the following steps:
1）连接好实验系统，并检测实验系统的气密性； 1) Connect the experimental system and test the air tightness of the experimental system;
2）实验准备：将煤样放入干燥箱中恒温干燥处理，取出、冷却后备用； 2) Experiment preparation: Put the coal sample in a drying oven for constant temperature drying treatment, take it out, cool it and set it aside;
3）固定煤样：将准备好的煤样装入煤样固定装置； 3) Fix the coal sample: put the prepared coal sample into the coal sample fixing device;
4）真空脱气：在保证系统连接正确、气密性良好的情况下，打开抽真空装置对煤样进行真空脱气处理； 4) Vacuum degassing: In the case of ensuring that the system is connected correctly and the airtightness is good, open the vacuum device to perform vacuum degassing on the coal sample;
5）提供三维应力环境：真空脱气处理完成后，对煤样施加预定的轴压和围压； 5) Provide a three-dimensional stress environment: after the vacuum degassing process is completed, apply a predetermined axial pressure and confining pressure to the coal sample;
6）冲击渗流过程：向煤样中充入预定压力的瓦斯气体，同时开启计量和数据采集装置，稳定后利用分离式霍普金森压杆装置对煤样固定装置施加冲击载荷，同时计量并采集数据； 6) Impact seepage process: Fill the coal sample with gas at a predetermined pressure, open the metering and data acquisition devices at the same time, use the separate Hopkinson pressure rod device to apply impact load to the coal sample fixing device after stabilization, and measure and collect at the same time data;
7）实验数据处理：利用拟压法评估实验过程中含瓦斯煤渗流渗透率大小，公式具体如下： 7) Experimental data processing: The pseudo-pressure method is used to evaluate the seepage permeability of gas-containing coal during the experiment. The formula is as follows:
（1） (1)
式中：K g为气体渗透率；Q 0为标准状况下的气体体积流量；和分别为平均气体动力黏度和平均压缩因子（即偏差因子）；L为多孔介质渗流长度；A为多孔介质横截面积；p 0为标准状况下的气体压力；p i为煤样固定装置的气体入口端压力；p e为煤样固定装置的气体出口端压力；T为实验环境绝对温度；T 0为标准状况下绝对温度； In the formula: K g is the gas permeability; Q 0 is the gas volume flow rate under standard conditions; and are the average gas dynamic viscosity and the average compressibility factor (i.e. the deviation factor); L is the seepage length of the porous medium; A is the cross-sectional area of the porous medium; p 0 is the gas pressure under standard conditions; Inlet pressure; p e is the gas outlet pressure of the coal sample fixture; T is the absolute temperature of the experimental environment; T 0 is the absolute temperature under standard conditions;
8）通过改变实验过程中的围压、轴压、瓦斯压力和冲击载荷的大小、冲击速度等条件可以得出不同实验条件下的含瓦斯煤渗流特性及其规律。 8) By changing the confining pressure, axial pressure, gas pressure, impact load, impact velocity and other conditions during the experiment, the seepage characteristics and laws of gas-containing coal under different experimental conditions can be obtained.
本发明克服目前现有实验技术手段的不足，提供一种冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验系统和方法，通过施加不同的轴向应力和径向应力，可以模拟煤矿井下煤岩体三维受载条件，同时通过施加冲击载荷，实现含瓦斯煤在冲击载荷作用下的渗流特性的实验研究。本发明实验系统中，煤样固定装置用于固定和密封煤样，使之处于合适的实验环境；高压气源装置用于提供不同压力的瓦斯气体；冲击载荷加载装置（即分离式霍普金森压杆装置）用于提供冲击载荷；轴压加载装置用于提供不同大小的轴向压力；围压加载装置用于给煤样施加预定的围压；抽真空装置用于对煤样进行抽真空，排除实验过程中杂质气体等对实验结果可能造成的干扰；计量和数据采集装置用于对实验过程中的应力、位移、瓦斯压力以及瓦斯气体的流量等数据进行计量和实时监测。 The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of existing experimental techniques and provides a gas-containing coal seepage experimental system and method under impact loads. By applying different axial stresses and radial stresses, the three-dimensional loading of coal and rock masses in underground coal mines can be simulated. At the same time, by applying the impact load, the experimental research on the seepage characteristics of gas-containing coal under the impact load is realized. In the experimental system of the present invention, the coal sample fixing device is used to fix and seal the coal sample so that it is in a suitable experimental environment; the high-pressure gas source device is used to provide gas gases of different pressures; Compression rod device) is used to provide impact load; axial pressure loading device is used to provide axial pressure of different sizes; confining pressure loading device is used to apply predetermined confining pressure to coal samples; vacuum device is used to evacuate coal samples , to eliminate the interference that may be caused by impurity gases during the experiment; the metering and data acquisition device is used for metering and real-time monitoring of data such as stress, displacement, gas pressure, and gas flow during the experiment.
对煤样同时施加围压和轴向压力，能对在不同轴压和不同围压条件下含瓦斯煤在施加冲击载荷之后渗流特性的变化进行模拟实验，主要用于模拟研究井下冲击地压的作用条件下含瓦斯煤孔隙率和瓦斯气体在煤中的渗流特性的变化，为煤矿瓦斯灾害防治提供实验研究手段。该实验系统采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置对含瓦斯煤样施加冲击载荷模拟冲击地压，实现冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤的渗透行为的模拟，同时通过数据实时连续采集装置，可以准确观测到含瓦斯煤样渗透率的变化发展趋势， Simultaneously applying confining pressure and axial pressure to coal samples can simulate the change of seepage characteristics of gas-containing coal after impact load is applied under different axial pressure and different confining pressure conditions. It is mainly used to simulate and study underground rock burst The changes of gas-containing coal porosity and gas seepage characteristics in coal under the action conditions provide experimental research methods for the prevention and control of coal mine gas disasters. The experimental system uses a separate Hopkinson pressure rod device to apply impact loads to gas-containing coal samples to simulate rock impact, and realizes the simulation of the seepage behavior of gas-containing coal under impact loads. At the same time, the real-time continuous data acquisition device can accurately observe To the development trend of gas-containing coal sample permeability change,
本发明的实验系统既考虑了含瓦斯煤的三维应力受载环境，同时也考虑了施加冲击载荷前后含瓦斯煤渗透特性的变化关系，通过数据的采集和处理可以得到各种组合实验条件下准确的实验数据和结果。借助本发明所述的冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验系统不仅能够研究冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤的渗流特性变化规律，还可以用于不同三维应力环境下煤在冲击载荷作用下的裂隙和孔隙等变化的研究。本发明实验系统具有结构合理、操作简便、测量准确、实用性强等优点。本发明丰富了对冲击载荷作用条件含瓦斯煤样渗流特性的实验研究技术和方法。 The experimental system of the present invention not only considers the three-dimensional stress-loaded environment of gas-containing coal, but also considers the change relationship of the permeability characteristics of gas-containing coal before and after the impact load is applied, and can obtain accurate results under various combined experimental conditions through data collection and processing. experimental data and results. With the help of the gas-containing coal seepage test system under the impact load of the present invention, not only can the seepage characteristics change law of the gas-containing coal under the impact load be studied, but also can be used for cracks and cracks of coal under the impact load under different three-dimensional stress environments. Research on changes in porosity and so on. The experimental system of the invention has the advantages of reasonable structure, convenient operation, accurate measurement, strong practicability and the like. The invention enriches the experimental research technology and method for the seepage characteristics of gas-containing coal samples under the condition of impact load.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述含瓦斯煤渗流实验系统的结构示意图， Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the gas-containing coal seepage experimental system of the present invention,
图中，1为煤样固定装置；2为高压瓦斯罐；3为减压阀；4为第五阀门；5为第一压力调节阀；6为第二压力调节阀；7为第一阀门；8为第二阀门；9为第三阀门；10为第四阀门；11为第一气压表；12为第一液压表；13为第二液压表；14为第二气压表；15为三通阀；16为真空泵；17为轴压油泵；18为围压油泵；19为气体体积流量计；20为数据采集系统；21为分离式霍普金森压杆装置； In the figure, 1 is the coal sample fixing device; 2 is the high pressure gas tank; 3 is the pressure reducing valve; 4 is the fifth valve; 5 is the first pressure regulating valve; 6 is the second pressure regulating valve; 7 is the first valve; 8 is the second valve; 9 is the third valve; 10 is the fourth valve; 11 is the first air pressure gauge; 12 is the first hydraulic pressure gauge; 13 is the second hydraulic pressure gauge; 14 is the second air pressure gauge; 15 is the tee Valve; 16 is a vacuum pump; 17 is an axial pressure oil pump; 18 is a confining pressure oil pump; 19 is a gas volume flow meter; 20 is a data acquisition system; 21 is a separate Hopkinson pressure rod device;
图2为图1中的煤样固定装置顺时针旋转90度的结构示意图， Fig. 2 is a structural schematic view of the coal sample fixing device in Fig. 1 rotated 90 degrees clockwise,
图中，1-1为轴向加载杆；1-2.为压力传感器；1-3为位移传感器；1-4为轴压缸体；1-5为密封圈；1-6为气体入口；1-7为密封板；1-8为第一多孔板；1-9为密封胶套；1-10为实验煤样；1-11为第二多孔板；1-12为气体出口；1-13为密封垫；1-14为承压挡板；1-15为轴压注油口；1-16为煤样室；1-17为围压注油口。 In the figure, 1-1 is an axial loading rod; 1-2. is a pressure sensor; 1-3 is a displacement sensor; 1-4 is an axial pressure cylinder; 1-5 is a sealing ring; 1-6 is a gas inlet; 1-7 is the sealing plate; 1-8 is the first porous plate; 1-9 is the sealing rubber sleeve; 1-10 is the experimental coal sample; 1-11 is the second porous plate; 1-12 is the gas outlet; 1-13 is a sealing gasket; 1-14 is a pressure baffle; 1-15 is an axial pressure oil injection port; 1-16 is a coal sample chamber; 1-17 is a confining pressure oil injection port.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步地详细介绍，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。 The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
实施例1Example 1
如图1和2所示，一种冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验系统，其包括煤样固定装置1、冲击载荷加载装置和与煤样固定装置1相连接的高压气源装置、轴压加载装置、围压加载装置、抽真空装置以及计量和数据采集装置；所述冲击载荷加载装置为分离式霍普金森压杆装置21；所述高压气源装置由顺次连接的高压瓦斯罐2、减压阀3、第一阀门7、第一气压表11和三通阀15组成，三通阀15的另外两端通过管路分别连接抽真空装置和煤样固定装置1的气体入口1-6；所述轴压加载装置由顺次连接的轴压油泵17、第一压力调节阀5、第二阀门8和第一液压表12组成，所述第一液压表12通过管路与煤样固定装置1的轴压注油口1-15相连接；所述围压加载装置由顺次连接的围压油泵18、第二压力调节阀6、第三阀门9和第二液压表13组成，所述第二液压表13通过管路与煤样固定装置1的围压注油口1-17相连接；所述计量和数据采集装置由顺次连接的数据采集系统20、气体体积流量计19、第四阀门10和第二气压表14组成，所述第二气压表14与煤样固定装置1的气体出口1-12相连接。 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a gas-containing coal seepage experimental system under impact loads includes a coal sample fixing device 1, an impact load loading device, a high-pressure gas source device connected to the coal sample fixing device 1, an axial pressure Loading device, confining pressure loading device, vacuuming device, and metering and data acquisition device; the impact load loading device is a separate Hopkinson pressure bar device 21; the high-pressure gas source device is composed of high-pressure gas tanks 2 connected in sequence , a pressure reducing valve 3, a first valve 7, a first air pressure gauge 11 and a three-way valve 15, and the other two ends of the three-way valve 15 are respectively connected to the gas inlet 1- 6. The axial pressure loading device is composed of an axial pressure oil pump 17, a first pressure regulating valve 5, a second valve 8, and a first hydraulic gauge 12 connected in sequence, and the first hydraulic gauge 12 is connected to the coal sample through a pipeline. The axial pressure oil injection ports 1-15 of the fixing device 1 are connected; the confining pressure loading device is composed of a confining pressure oil pump 18, a second pressure regulating valve 6, a third valve 9 and a second hydraulic pressure gauge 13 connected in sequence. The second hydraulic gauge 13 is connected with the confining pressure oil injection port 1-17 of the coal sample fixing device 1 through a pipeline; Composed of four valves 10 and a second air pressure gauge 14, the second air pressure gauge 14 is connected to the gas outlet 1-12 of the coal sample fixing device 1.
所述煤样固定装置1由煤样室1-16和通过螺栓固定于煤样室1-16上方的轴压缸体1-4组成；所述轴压缸体1-4内设有带压力传感器1-2的轴向加载杆1-1，轴向加载杆1-1的一端伸出轴压缸体1-4外且与分离式霍普金森压杆装置21处于同一水平面，另一端伸入煤样室1-16内，轴向加载杆1-1的中部设有与轴向加载杆1-1相垂直的密封板1-7，密封板1-7的两端通过密封圈1-5与轴压缸体1-4的内壁密封连接；所述轴压缸体1-4上方设有位移传感器1-3，轴压缸体1-4的侧壁设有两个轴压注油口1-15，两个轴压注油口1-15分别位于密封板1-7的上、下方，轴压缸体1-4的侧壁还开设有气体入口1-6。 The coal sample fixing device 1 is composed of a coal sample chamber 1-16 and an axial pressure cylinder 1-4 fixed above the coal sample chamber 1-16 by bolts; The axial loading rod 1-1 of the sensor 1-2, one end of the axial loading rod 1-1 extends out of the axial pressure cylinder 1-4 and is at the same level as the separate Hopkinson pressure rod device 21, and the other end extends Into the coal sample chamber 1-16, the middle part of the axial loading rod 1-1 is provided with a sealing plate 1-7 perpendicular to the axial loading rod 1-1, and the two ends of the sealing plate 1-7 pass through the sealing ring 1-1. 5 is sealed and connected with the inner wall of the axial pressure cylinder 1-4; a displacement sensor 1-3 is provided above the axial pressure cylinder 1-4, and two axial pressure oil injection ports are provided on the side wall of the axial pressure cylinder 1-4 1-15, the two axial pressure oil injection ports 1-15 are respectively located above and below the sealing plate 1-7, and the side wall of the axial pressure cylinder 1-4 is also provided with a gas inlet 1-6.
所述煤样室1-16包括位于煤样室1-16底部的可拆卸承压挡板1-14和位于煤样室1-16内部设有中空煤样型腔的密封胶套1-9，密封胶套1-9外侧壁开设有凹槽且该凹槽与煤样室内侧壁形成环形围压油腔，煤样1-10置于密封胶套1-9的中空煤样型腔内且与环形围压油腔相隔离，密封胶套1-9的下方设置密封垫1-13；煤样型腔的顶部设有第一多孔板1-8，煤样型腔的底部设有第二多孔板1-11，轴压缸体1-4的气体入口1-6通过轴向加载杆内部的气体管路与煤样型腔顶部的第一多孔板1-8相连通，伸入煤样室1-16的轴向加载杆1-1的端部与第一多孔板1-8压接；煤样室1-16侧壁开设有围压注油口1-17和气体出口1-12，煤样室1-16的气体出口1-12通过承压挡板内部的气体管路与煤样型腔底部的第二多孔板1-11相连通。所述抽真空装置由顺次连接的真空泵16和第五阀门4组成。 The coal sample chamber 1-16 includes a detachable pressure-bearing baffle 1-14 at the bottom of the coal sample chamber 1-16 and a sealant sleeve 1-9 with a hollow coal sample cavity inside the coal sample chamber 1-16 , the outer wall of the sealing rubber sleeve 1-9 is provided with a groove, and the groove forms an annular confining pressure oil chamber with the side wall of the coal sample chamber, and the coal sample 1-10 is placed in the hollow coal sample cavity of the sealing rubber sleeve 1-9 And it is isolated from the annular confining pressure oil chamber, and the sealing gasket 1-13 is arranged under the sealing rubber sleeve 1-9; the first porous plate 1-8 is arranged on the top of the coal sample cavity, and the bottom of the coal sample cavity is provided with The second porous plate 1-11, the gas inlet 1-6 of the axial pressure cylinder 1-4 communicates with the first porous plate 1-8 on the top of the coal sample cavity through the gas pipeline inside the axial loading rod, The end of the axial loading rod 1-1 extending into the coal sample chamber 1-16 is crimped with the first porous plate 1-8; the side wall of the coal sample chamber 1-16 is provided with a confining pressure oil injection port 1-17 and a gas Outlet 1-12, the gas outlet 1-12 of the coal sample chamber 1-16 communicates with the second porous plate 1-11 at the bottom of the coal sample cavity through the gas pipeline inside the pressure-bearing baffle. The vacuuming device is composed of a vacuum pump 16 and a fifth valve 4 connected in sequence.
本发明的试验系统中，高压瓦斯罐2中的瓦斯经过解压后进入到煤样固定装置1中为实验提供瓦斯气源。分离式霍普金森压杆装置21中的霍普金森压杆提供冲击载荷模拟冲击地压，作用于含瓦斯煤样的轴向方向。轴压加载装置用以对煤样提供恒定轴向压力条件。围压加载装置用以对煤样提供恒定径向压力条件。煤样固定装置1能提供的三维应力环境是该装置的关键所在，其作用是放置且固定煤样，同时提供实验所需应力环境，既可以实现对煤样施加围压，又可以实现对煤样施加轴压。抽真空装置用于对煤样进行抽真空操作，排除杂质气体等对实验可能造成的影响。计量和数据采集装置中的气体体积流量计19用于计量渗流的瓦斯气体流量大小。计量和数据采集装置用于对整个实验过程的数据变化进行监控和采集。 In the test system of the present invention, the gas in the high-pressure gas tank 2 enters the coal sample fixing device 1 after being decompressed to provide a gas source for the experiment. The Hopkinson pressure rod in the separated Hopkinson pressure rod device 21 provides shock loads to simulate rock shock, acting on the axial direction of the gas-containing coal sample. The axial pressure loading device is used to provide constant axial pressure conditions for coal samples. The confining pressure loading device is used to provide constant radial pressure conditions for coal samples. The three-dimensional stress environment that the coal sample fixing device 1 can provide is the key to the device. Its function is to place and fix the coal sample, and at the same time provide the stress environment required for the experiment. apply axial pressure. The vacuum device is used to vacuumize the coal sample to eliminate the possible influence of impurity gas on the experiment. The gas volume flow meter 19 in the metering and data acquisition device is used to measure the flow rate of seepage gas. Metering and data acquisition devices are used to monitor and collect data changes throughout the experimental process.
本发明提供的实验系统能实现如下主要实验功能： The experimental system provided by the invention can realize the following main experimental functions:
（1）不同三维应力状态下含瓦斯煤渗流实验； (1) Gassy coal seepage experiments under different three-dimensional stress states;
（2）冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验； (2) Seepage experiment of gas-containing coal under impact load;
（3）冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤力学实验。 (3) Mechanics experiment of gas-containing coal under impact load.
使用上述系统进行冲击载荷作用下含瓦斯煤渗流实验的方法，其包括如下步骤： The method for carrying out the gas-containing coal seepage experiment under the impact load using the above-mentioned system comprises the following steps:
1）连接好实验系统，并检测实验系统的气密性检测；具体为：关闭第五阀门4、第一阀门7、第四阀门10，将三通阀15接通高压气源装置和煤样固定装置1。打开第二阀门8、第三阀门9，给实验系统施加一个较小的轴压和围压（大小相同），防止充气过程中，密封胶套与缸体存在空隙导致漏气。然后打开第一阀门7，调节减压阀3，向管道内充入一定压力的瓦斯气体后记录此时第一气压表11、第二气压表14和第一液压表12、第二液压表13的读数，同时关闭第一阀门7并放置24小时，观察各表的读数是否发生变化。若压力表读数一致且不下降，表明系统气密性良好，否则进行调试，直到系统气密性良好为止。 1) Connect the experimental system well, and test the air tightness of the experimental system; specifically: close the fifth valve 4, the first valve 7, and the fourth valve 10, and connect the three-way valve 15 to the high-pressure gas source device and the coal sample Fixture 1. Open the second valve 8 and the third valve 9 to apply a small axial pressure and confining pressure (the same size) to the experimental system to prevent air leakage caused by the gap between the sealing rubber sleeve and the cylinder during the inflation process. Then open the first valve 7, adjust the decompression valve 3, and record the first air pressure gauge 11, the second air pressure gauge 14, the first hydraulic pressure gauge 12, and the second hydraulic pressure gauge 13 in the pipeline after filling gas with a certain pressure. While closing the first valve 7 and leaving it for 24 hours, observe whether the readings of each meter change. If the readings of the pressure gauge are consistent and do not drop, it indicates that the airtightness of the system is good, otherwise, carry out debugging until the airtightness of the system is good.
2）实验准备：取一准备好的实验煤样1-10（尺寸在Φ50×50mm左右），放入干燥箱中恒温干燥处理，以消除水分对实验结果造成的影响。取出、冷却后对煤样进行测量和称重记录。 2) Experiment preparation: Take a prepared experimental coal sample 1-10 (size about Φ50×50mm), put it in a drying oven for constant temperature drying treatment, so as to eliminate the influence of moisture on the experimental results. After taking out and cooling, measure and weigh the coal samples.
3）固定煤样：旋下煤样固定装置1中的承压挡板1-14和密封垫1-13，将准备好的实验煤样1-10放入密封胶套1-9内，然后安装好煤样固定装置1。 3) Fix the coal sample: unscrew the pressure-bearing baffle 1-14 and the sealing gasket 1-13 in the coal sample fixing device 1, put the prepared experimental coal sample 1-10 into the sealing rubber sleeve 1-9, and then Install the coal sample fixing device 1.
4）真空脱气：在保证系统连接正确，气密性良好的情况下，打开抽真空装置对煤样进行真空脱气处理，以排除煤样和系统中其它气体对实验结果可能造成的影响。具体为：关闭第一阀门7、第四阀门10，将三通阀15接通抽真空装置和煤样固定装置1。打开第二阀门8、第三阀门9，给实验系统施加一个较小的轴压和围压（大小相同），防止抽真空过程中，密封胶套与缸体存在空隙导致漏气。然后打开第五阀门4和真空泵16，对整个实验系统进行抽真空操作，直到实验系统内部达到要求的负压（小于50Pa）时，关闭第五阀门4，将三通阀15接通高压气源装置和煤样固定装置1，然后关闭真空泵16。关闭真空泵16后实验系统真空度在3小时内一直保持稳定，即完成真空脱气。 4) Vacuum degassing: In the case of ensuring that the system is connected correctly and the airtightness is good, turn on the vacuum device to carry out vacuum degassing treatment on the coal sample, so as to eliminate the possible influence of the coal sample and other gases in the system on the experimental results. Specifically, the first valve 7 and the fourth valve 10 are closed, and the three-way valve 15 is connected to the vacuum device and the coal sample fixing device 1 . Open the second valve 8 and the third valve 9 to apply a small axial pressure and confining pressure (the same size) to the experimental system to prevent air leakage caused by the gap between the sealing rubber sleeve and the cylinder during the vacuuming process. Then open the fifth valve 4 and the vacuum pump 16 to vacuumize the entire experimental system until the required negative pressure (less than 50Pa) is reached inside the experimental system, then close the fifth valve 4 and connect the three-way valve 15 to the high-pressure air source Device and coal sample fixture 1, then turn off the vacuum pump 16. After turning off the vacuum pump 16, the vacuum degree of the experimental system remained stable within 3 hours, that is, the vacuum degassing was completed.
5）提供三维应力环境：真空脱气处理完成后，打开第二阀门8和第三阀门9，调节第一压力调节阀5和第二压力调节阀6，利用轴压油泵17、围压油泵18通过轴压注油口1-15和围压注油口1-17对煤样施加预定的轴压和围压，加载完成后关闭第二阀门8和第三阀门9。 5) Provide a three-dimensional stress environment: After the vacuum degassing process is completed, open the second valve 8 and the third valve 9, adjust the first pressure regulating valve 5 and the second pressure regulating valve 6, and use the axial pressure oil pump 17 and the confining pressure oil pump 18 The predetermined axial pressure and confining pressure are applied to the coal sample through the axial pressure oil injection port 1-15 and the confining pressure oil injection port 1-17, and the second valve 8 and the third valve 9 are closed after the loading is completed.
6）冲击渗流过程：向煤样中充入预定压力的瓦斯气体，同时开启计量和数据采集装置，稳定后利用分离式霍普金森压杆装置21对煤样固定装置施加冲击载荷，同时计量并采集数据； 6) Impact seepage process: Fill the coal sample with gas at a predetermined pressure, and simultaneously turn on the metering and data acquisition devices. Data collection;
打开第一阀门7，调节减压阀3向实验煤样1-10中充入预定压力的瓦斯气体，同时打开第四阀门10计量并采集数据。稳定以后利用分离式霍普金森压杆装置21对煤样固定装置施加冲击载荷（即用霍普金森压杆撞击轴向加载杆1-1），同时利用压力传感器1-2和位移传感器1-3测得此时的冲击压力和煤样发生的轴向位移，计量并采集数据。 Open the first valve 7, adjust the decompression valve 3 to fill the test coal samples 1-10 with gas at a predetermined pressure, and open the fourth valve 10 to measure and collect data. After stabilization, use the separated Hopkinson pressure rod device 21 to apply an impact load to the coal sample fixing device (that is, hit the axial loading rod 1-1 with the Hopkinson pressure rod), and use the pressure sensor 1-2 and the displacement sensor 1- 3 Measure the impact pressure at this time and the axial displacement of the coal sample, measure and collect data.
7）实验数据处理：利用拟压法评估实验过程中含瓦斯煤渗流渗透率大小，公式具体如下： 7) Experimental data processing: The pseudo-pressure method is used to evaluate the seepage permeability of gas-containing coal during the experiment. The formula is as follows:
（1） (1)
式中：K g为气体渗透率；Q 0为标准状况下的气体体积流量；和分别为平均气体动力黏度和平均压缩因子（即偏差因子）；L为多孔介质渗流长度；A为多孔介质横截面积；p 0为标准状况下的气体压力；p i为煤样固定装置的气体入口端压力；p e为煤样固定装置的气体出口端压力；T为实验环境绝对温度；T 0为标准状况下绝对温度； In the formula: K g is the gas permeability; Q 0 is the gas volume flow rate under standard conditions; and are the average gas dynamic viscosity and the average compressibility factor (i.e. the deviation factor); L is the seepage length of the porous medium; A is the cross-sectional area of the porous medium; p 0 is the gas pressure under standard conditions; Inlet pressure; p e is the gas outlet pressure of the coal sample fixture; T is the absolute temperature of the experimental environment; T 0 is the absolute temperature under standard conditions;
8）通过改变实验过程中的围压、轴压、瓦斯压力和冲击载荷的大小、冲击速度等条件可以得出不同实验条件下的含瓦斯煤渗流特性及其规律。 8) By changing the confining pressure, axial pressure, gas pressure, impact load, impact velocity and other conditions during the experiment, the seepage characteristics and laws of gas-containing coal under different experimental conditions can be obtained.
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| CN110865012A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-06 | 天津大学 | A system and method for in-situ seepage measurement of rock materials based on Hopkinson rods |
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| CN111579749A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-25 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Coal and gas outburst power induction experimental device and method |
| CN111579749B (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-12-06 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A Dynamic Induced Experimental Method for Coal and Gas Outburst |
| CN112504932B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2023-08-04 | 河南理工大学 | Mechanical wave vibration excitation coal permeability increasing experimental device and experimental method thereof |
| CN112504932A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-16 | 河南理工大学 | Mechanical wave vibration excitation coal body permeability increasing experimental device and experimental method thereof |
| CN113281175A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-20 | 中南大学 | Device and method for testing dynamic mechanical properties of rock in gas-solid coupling state |
| CN114778401A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-07-22 | 西安科技大学 | A device and method for measuring the permeability of coal and rock under simulated rockburst conditions |
| CN114778401B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2024-05-10 | 西安科技大学 | A device and method for measuring coal rock permeability under simulated rock burst conditions |
| CN116609171A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-08-18 | 天津大学 | A Composite Loading Device Based on Hopkinson Rod |
| CN116609171B (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2024-03-05 | 天津大学 | A composite loading device based on Hopkinson rod |
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