CN104309122A - 3D printing method and device of carbon fiber reinforced composite - Google Patents
3D printing method and device of carbon fiber reinforced composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN104309122A CN104309122A CN201410551215.2A CN201410551215A CN104309122A CN 104309122 A CN104309122 A CN 104309122A CN 201410551215 A CN201410551215 A CN 201410551215A CN 104309122 A CN104309122 A CN 104309122A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法及装置，其装置主要包括放卷装置、送料装置、打印供料头、激光发生器、激光头一、激光头二和工作台，碳纤维增强复合材料带卷曲在放卷装置上，由送料装置驱动使碳纤维增强复合材料带进入打印供料头，打印供料头将碳纤维增强复合材料带铺设在工作台上，激光发生器的激光源一分为二成为激光头一和激光头二对碳纤维增强复合材料带的侧面和底面进行加热，工作台具有打印成型所需的三维运动。本发明由于采用碳纤维增强复合材料带进行打印，原料不需要完全熔化，具有节省能源、工艺简单、成本更低和打印速度快的特点，产品适用性强，尤其适合大型制品打印成型，产品能够应用于航天领域与高端汽车等领域。
The invention discloses a 3D printing method and device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. The composite material tape is curled on the unwinding device, driven by the feeding device, the carbon fiber reinforced composite material tape enters the printing feed head, and the printing feed head lays the carbon fiber reinforced composite material tape on the workbench, and the laser source of the laser generator is one point Laser head 1 and laser head 2 heat the side and bottom surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt, and the table has the three-dimensional movement required for printing and forming. Since the invention adopts the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt for printing, the raw material does not need to be completely melted, and has the characteristics of energy saving, simple process, lower cost and fast printing speed. The product has strong applicability, especially suitable for large-scale product printing and forming, and the product can be In aerospace and high-end automobiles and other fields.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明主要涉及新型3D打印机技术领域，尤其涉及一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法及装置。The invention mainly relates to the technical field of new 3D printers, in particular to a method and device for 3D printing of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials.
技术背景technical background
3D打印是快速成型技术的一种形式，其原理是通过逐层打印的方式来创造实物。3D printing is a form of rapid prototyping technology, the principle of which is to create physical objects by printing layer by layer.
现有的3D打印机多是利用热熔喷嘴、激光束、光固化等方式将金属粉末、塑料等材料进行逐层堆积黏结，最终叠加成型，制造出实体产品。与传统制造业车、铣、刨、磨等机械加工方式相比，3D打印技术具有劳动强度低、速度快及价格便宜等优点。但目前的3D打印技术基本都是加工制造小制品，或者通过先加工小零件在组装而成整体。对于加工大型尺寸的塑料制品时，制造难度大、效率低且加工成本高。Most of the existing 3D printers use hot-melt nozzles, laser beams, light curing and other methods to accumulate and bond metal powder, plastic and other materials layer by layer, and finally superimpose and shape them to produce physical products. Compared with traditional manufacturing methods such as turning, milling, planing, and grinding, 3D printing technology has the advantages of low labor intensity, high speed and low price. But the current 3D printing technology basically processes and manufactures small products, or assembles them into a whole by processing small parts first. For processing large-sized plastic products, it is difficult to manufacture, low in efficiency and high in processing costs.
目前的3D成型材料主要是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸二醇酯、聚芳酯以及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯等热塑性材料或少数金属材料。中国专利(专利公布号CN103756293A)公开了一种3D打印材料，该材料包括热塑性塑料粉末和粘接剂，粘接度和牢固度都较高，但是这些材料硬度、强度仍然较低，打印出来的部件较脆易碎；中国专利(专利公布号CN103862040A)公开了一种用于3D打印的镁基金属粉末的材料，该材料以金属镁粉为基本材料克服了热塑性材料打印制品硬度、强度不高的缺点，但是打印出来的制品重量较大，不适合应用于航天领域与高端汽车等领域。The current 3D molding materials are mainly thermoplastic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyarylate, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene or a few metal materials. Chinese patent (patent publication number CN103756293A) discloses a 3D printing material, which includes thermoplastic powder and adhesive, with high adhesion and firmness, but these materials are still low in hardness and strength, and the printed Parts are brittle and fragile; Chinese patent (patent publication number CN103862040A) discloses a magnesium-based metal powder material for 3D printing. The material uses metal magnesium powder as the basic material to overcome the hardness and low strength of thermoplastic materials. However, the weight of the printed product is relatively large, so it is not suitable for aerospace and high-end automobiles.
而碳纤维增强复合材料具有碳材料的固有本征特性，又有纺织纤维的柔软可加工性，优越的综合性能使其成为新一代军民两用的先进复合材料，现有的碳纤维增强复合材料制品多采用注射成型的方法，成型制品工艺复杂、成本较高，并且难以成型大型制品。Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials have the inherent intrinsic characteristics of carbon materials, and the softness and processability of textile fibers. The superior comprehensive performance makes it a new generation of advanced composite materials for both military and civilian purposes. There are many existing carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. Using the injection molding method, the molding process is complicated, the cost is high, and it is difficult to shape large-scale products.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有技术所存在的不足，提供一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法及装置，基于微积分原理将制品模型切成若干条带状单元，利用打印机喷头精确定位铺设碳纤维增强复合材料，同时利用激光加热熔接相邻带状碳纤维增强复合材料直到成型整个制品，这种方法特别适用于加工大型制品，能提高复杂制品的生产效率和降低加工成本，且打印出来的实体部件强度和刚度都能大大的提高。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a 3D printing method and device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. Based on the principle of calculus, the product model is cut into several strip-shaped units, and the carbon fiber is accurately positioned by the printer nozzle. Reinforced composite materials, while using laser heating to fuse adjacent strips of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials until the entire product is formed. This method is especially suitable for processing large products, which can improve the production efficiency of complex products and reduce processing costs, and the printed physical parts Strength and stiffness can be greatly improved.
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印装置，主要包括放卷装置、送料装置、打印供料头、激光发生器、激光头一、激光头二和工作台，由碳纤维增强复合材料制成的带卷曲在放卷装置上，由送料装置驱动进入打印供料头，打印供料头将碳纤维增强复合材料带铺设在工作台上，激光发生器的激光源一分为二成为激光头一和激光头二对碳纤维增强复合材料带的侧面和底面进行加热，工作台具有打印成型所需的三维运动。The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a 3D printing device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, mainly including an unwinding device, a feeding device, a printing feed head, a laser generator, a laser head 1, a laser head 2 and a workbench, made of carbon fiber The tape made of reinforced composite material is curled on the unwinding device, driven by the feeding device into the printing feed head, and the printing feed head lays the carbon fiber reinforced composite material tape on the workbench, and the laser source of the laser generator is divided into two Become laser head 1 and laser head 2 to heat the side and bottom surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt, and the table has the three-dimensional movement required for printing and molding.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印装置，所述的激光发生器功率可以调节，激光发生器发出的激光是线性激光，激光一分为二，给激光头一和激光头二提供激光源，线性激光的宽度可以根据打印供料头宽度调节，线性激光的功率根据打印材料熔融需要的温度和速度进行调节，激光加热具有加热快，熔化层薄的优势能够达到快速打印的目的，送料装置的送料速度要跟激光加热的强度和时间相协调，确保每个相邻的碳纤维增强复合材料带都能牢固地粘接在一起。The present invention is a 3D printing device of carbon fiber reinforced composite material, the power of the laser generator can be adjusted, the laser emitted by the laser generator is a linear laser, the laser is divided into two, and the laser source is provided for the laser head 1 and the laser head 2 , the width of the linear laser can be adjusted according to the width of the printing feed head, and the power of the linear laser can be adjusted according to the temperature and speed required for the melting of the printing material. Laser heating has the advantages of fast heating and thin melting layer, which can achieve the purpose of fast printing. Feeding device The feeding speed should be coordinated with the intensity and time of laser heating to ensure that each adjacent carbon fiber reinforced composite strip can be firmly bonded together.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印装置，所述的碳纤维增强复合材料带为带状的碳纤维长纤维或者短纤维填充的热塑性聚合物复合材料，带宽3mm-80mm，厚度0.5mm-30mm，碳纤维增强复合材料带的基体可为ABS树脂或其他热塑性工程树脂。The present invention is a 3D printing device of carbon fiber reinforced composite material. The carbon fiber reinforced composite material strip is a strip-shaped thermoplastic polymer composite material filled with carbon fiber long fibers or short fibers, with a bandwidth of 3mm-80mm and a thickness of 0.5mm-30mm. The matrix of the carbon fiber reinforced composite belt can be ABS resin or other thermoplastic engineering resin.
采用本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印装置进行打印的方法，卷曲在放卷装置上的碳纤维增强复合材料带由送料装置驱动喂料进入打印机供料头，工作台在程序驱带动下进行X-Y-Z三维的运动，在将碳纤维增强复合材料铺设在工作台的同时，激光发生器的激光头一和激光头二对带状碳纤维增强复合材料带的侧面和底面进行加热，将碳纤维增强复合材料带与相邻的带状碳纤维增强复合材料粘接在一起，该过程重复直到完整制品的打印为止。A method for printing with a 3D printing device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials of the present invention, the carbon fiber reinforced composite material tape curled on the unwinding device is driven by the feeding device to feed into the printer feed head, and the workbench is driven by the program. The X-Y-Z three-dimensional movement, while laying the carbon fiber reinforced composite material on the workbench, the laser head 1 and the laser head 2 of the laser generator heat the side and bottom surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt, and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt Bonded together with adjacent ribbons of CFRP, the process repeats until the complete part is printed.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法，在打印目标产品外部细节时，调换丝状碳纤维增强复合材料，细节处所用材料为长碳纤维和树脂的复合材料或者无纤维填充的工程塑料的细丝，丝线直径0.5-3mm，复合材料为ABS树脂和短碳纤维的复合材料，细丝打印材料满足细部打印的灵活性和精度的要求。The invention is a 3D printing method of carbon fiber reinforced composite material. When printing the external details of the target product, the filamentary carbon fiber reinforced composite material is replaced. Silk, the diameter of the wire is 0.5-3mm, and the composite material is a composite material of ABS resin and short carbon fiber. The filament printing material meets the requirements of flexibility and precision for detail printing.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法，在打印目标产品外部细节时，也可直接调换点激光对打印用的细丝进行加热。The invention provides a 3D printing method of carbon fiber reinforced composite material. When printing the external details of the target product, the laser can also be directly exchanged to heat the filaments used for printing.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法及装置，由于采用碳纤维增强复合材料带进行打印，原料不需要完全熔化，只是将碳纤维增强复合材料带的底部或侧部进行快速加热粘接，具有节省能源、工艺简单、成本更低和打印速度快的特点，产品适用性强，尤其适合大型制品的打印成型，产品能够应用于航天领域与高端汽车等领域。A 3D printing method and device for carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to the present invention, since the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt is used for printing, the raw material does not need to be completely melted, only the bottom or side of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt is quickly heated and bonded, with the advantages of With the characteristics of energy saving, simple process, lower cost and fast printing speed, the product has strong applicability, especially suitable for printing and molding of large-scale products. The product can be used in aerospace fields and high-end automobiles and other fields.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印装置原理示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a 3D printing device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials of the present invention.
图2是碳纤维增强复合材料制品示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a carbon fiber reinforced composite product.
图3是碳纤维增强复合材料带的断面示意图，含片状长碳纤维材料的短碳纤维复合基体材料。Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material strip, comprising a short carbon fiber composite matrix material of sheet-like long carbon fiber material.
图4是碳纤维增强复合材料带的断面示意图，ABS/短碳纤维复合基体材料。Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material strip, ABS/short carbon fiber composite matrix material.
图5是碳纤维增强复合材料带的断面示意图，含片状长碳纤维材料。Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material strip, containing sheet-like long carbon fiber material.
图中，1、放卷装置，2、碳纤维增强复合材料带，2-1、带状长碳纤维材料，2-2、短碳纤维材料，3、送料装置，4、打印供料头，5、激光发生器，6、激光头一，7、激光头二和8、工作台。In the figure, 1. Unwinding device, 2. Carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt, 2-1. Strip-shaped long carbon fiber material, 2-2. Short carbon fiber material, 3. Feeding device, 4. Printing feed head, 5. Laser Generator, 6, laser head one, 7, laser head two and 8, workbench.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现结合附图对本发明专利详细描述如下：Now in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the patent of the present invention is described in detail as follows:
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法及装置，如图1、图2所示，所述的装置包括放卷装置1、送料装置3、打印供料头4、激光发生器5、激光头一6、激光头二7以及工作台8，所述的碳纤维增强复合材料带2卷曲在放卷装置1上，由送料装置3驱动进入打印供料头4，打印供料头4将碳纤维增强复合材料带2铺设在工作台8上，激光发生器5的激光源一分为二成为激光头一6和激光头二7对带状碳纤维增强复合材料2的侧面和底面进行加热。A 3D printing method and device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. Head one 6, laser head two 7 and workbench 8, the carbon fiber reinforced composite material strip 2 is curled on the unwinding device 1, driven by the feeding device 3 to enter the printing feeding head 4, and the printing feeding head 4 strengthens the carbon fiber The composite material strip 2 is laid on the workbench 8, and the laser source of the laser generator 5 is divided into two into laser head one 6 and laser head two 7 to heat the side and bottom surface of the strip carbon fiber reinforced composite material 2.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印装置，如图1所示，所述的激光发生器5功率可以调节，激光发生器5发出的激光是线性激光，激光一分为二，给激光头一6和激光头二7提供激光源，线性激光的宽度可以根据打印供料头4宽度调节，线性激光的功率根据打印材料熔融需要的温度和速度进行调节，激光加热具有加热快，熔化层薄的优势能够达到快速打印的目的，送料装置的送料速度要跟激光加热的强度和时间相协调，确保每个相邻的带状碳纤维增强复合材料带2都能牢固的粘接在一起。A 3D printing device of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the power of the laser generator 5 can be adjusted, the laser emitted by the laser generator 5 is a linear laser, the laser is divided into two, and the laser head One 6 and laser head two 7 provide laser sources, the width of the linear laser can be adjusted according to the width of the printing supply head 4, the power of the linear laser can be adjusted according to the temperature and speed required for the melting of the printing material, and the laser heating has fast heating and thin melting layer The advantages can achieve the purpose of fast printing, and the feeding speed of the feeding device should be coordinated with the intensity and time of laser heating to ensure that each adjacent strip-shaped carbon fiber reinforced composite material strip 2 can be firmly bonded together.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印装置，所述的碳纤维增强复合材料带2为带状的碳纤维长纤维或者短纤维填充的热塑性聚合物复合材料，带宽3mm-80mm，厚度0.5mm-30mm，碳纤维增强复合材料带2的基体可为ABS树脂或其他热塑性工程树脂。The present invention is a 3D printing device for carbon fiber reinforced composite material, the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt 2 is a strip-shaped thermoplastic polymer composite material filled with carbon fiber long fibers or short fibers, with a bandwidth of 3mm-80mm and a thickness of 0.5mm-30mm , the matrix of the carbon fiber reinforced composite belt 2 can be ABS resin or other thermoplastic engineering resins.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法，如图1、图2所示，所述的方法是卷曲在放卷装置1上的碳纤维增强复合材料带2由送料装置3驱动喂料进入打印机供料头4；打印机供料头4在程序驱带动下进行X-Y二维平面上的运动，工作台8具有Z向的运动，或者打印机供料头4不动，工作台8在程序驱带动下进行X-Y-Z三维上的运动；将碳纤维增强复合材料带2铺设在工作台8的同时，激光发生器5的激光头一6和激光头二7对碳纤维增强复合材料带2的侧面和底面进行加热，将碳纤维增强复合材料带2与相邻的带状碳纤维增强复合材料粘接在一起，对于部分转角或者打印供料头无法达到的部分，转换到丝状材料的打印供料头4和点激光源组件，进行细节部分的打印工作，直到完整制品打印完成。A 3D printing method of carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, said method is that the carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt 2 curled on the unwinding device 1 is fed into the printer driven by the feeding device 3 The feeding head 4; the printer feeding head 4 moves on the X-Y two-dimensional plane driven by the program, and the workbench 8 has a Z-direction movement, or the printer feed head 4 does not move, and the workbench 8 is driven by the program Carry out the motion on X-Y-Z three-dimensional; When carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt 2 is laid on workbench 8, laser head one 6 and laser head two 7 of laser generator 5 heat the side and bottom surface of carbon fiber reinforced composite material belt 2, Bond carbon fiber reinforced composite material ribbon 2 with adjacent ribbon carbon fiber reinforced composite material, for some corners or parts that cannot be reached by print feed head, switch to print feed head 4 and point laser source for filament material Components, print the details, until the complete product is printed.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法，在打印目标产品外部细节时，调换丝状碳纤维增强复合材料，细节处所用材料为长碳纤维和树脂的复合材料或者无纤维填充的工程塑料的细丝，丝线直径0.5-3mm，复合材料为ABS树脂和短碳纤维的复合材料，细丝打印材料满足细部打印的灵活性和精度的要求。The invention is a 3D printing method of carbon fiber reinforced composite material. When printing the external details of the target product, the filamentary carbon fiber reinforced composite material is replaced. Silk, the diameter of the wire is 0.5-3mm, and the composite material is a composite material of ABS resin and short carbon fiber. The filament printing material meets the requirements of flexibility and precision for detail printing.
本发明一种碳纤维增强复合材料的3D打印方法，在打印目标产品外部细节时，也可直接调换点激光对打印用的细丝进行加热。The invention provides a 3D printing method of carbon fiber reinforced composite material. When printing the external details of the target product, the laser can also be directly exchanged to heat the filaments used for printing.
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