CN104059682B - Biomass by selective pyrolysis-step transforms device and the method for preparing Aviation Fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass. The device includes: a mass selective pyrolysis system, a low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system and an aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixed system; the inlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system is the biomass inlet of the device, and the gas phase outlet is connected to the low-carbon olefin The inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor in the oligomerization hydrogenation system is connected, and the oil phase outlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system is connected with the inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter in the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixed system; low carbon The alkane liquid outlet in the olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system is connected with the inlet of the stirring mixer in the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system; the liquid outlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system is the aromatic hydrocarbon and aviation kerosene outlet of the device. The cascade conversion method of the invention combines the selective pyrolysis of biomass with the oligomerization hydrogenation reaction of olefins, thereby improving the utilization rate of biomass.

Description

Device and method for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass

technical field

The invention belongs to the fields of solid fuel pyrolysis and olefin oligomerization hydrogenation, and relates to biomass selective pyrolysis and a prepared olefin oligomerization hydrogenation method and device.

Background technique

Due to the increasing depletion of fossil fuel resources and the aggravation of environmental pollution caused by them, renewable energy has become increasingly important. Biomass, as the only renewable carbon source, makes up for the inability of solar and nuclear energy to produce liquid fuels and chemical products, and has become an important raw material to replace petroleum. Biomass can be used to prepare products such as aromatic hydrocarbons and light olefins through catalytic pyrolysis. This process is carried out at normal pressure and medium temperature. The process is simple and the yield of target products is high. In this process, aromatics can be collected by condensation, but olefins in the gas phase products will also produce CO and CO2 gases due to pyrolysis. The concentration of olefins in the gas products is not high, and the components are complex, which is difficult to separate and use.

Aviation fuel has certain requirements on the length of the carbon chain, and at the same time may meet certain anti-knock properties, volatility, fluidity, corrosion resistance and cleanliness. Aviation gasoline is mainly composed of alkanes with a carbon chain length of C10-C16 and aromatic hydrocarbons in a certain proportion. Among them, aromatic hydrocarbons are mainly used to increase the octane number of gasoline and enhance its antiknock performance. At present, aviation fuel is mainly produced through petroleum distillation. my country's oil resources are scarce, and oil imports have exceeded the warning line of 50% for four consecutive years, seriously threatening my country's energy security. How to use renewable energy instead of petroleum to prepare aviation fuel is a hot research topic at present. Biomass is the only source of organic carbon available for aviation fuel in renewable energy. At present, the preparation of aviation oil from biomass is mainly to produce the alkanes. The process used is to first hydrolyze the sugar compounds, and then to the sugar compounds under high pressure, the noble metal catalyst Pt/Al ₂ O ₃ or Ru/Al ₂ O ₃ Under the action of hydrogenation to produce alkanes. This technology has the disadvantages of long hydrolysis cycle, complex process, large area of equipment and high catalyst cost, and has not been applied industrially.

Therefore, it is very urgent to adopt a new method to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and prepare aviation fuel from all components.

The current technology can only prepare the alkane components in aviation oil from biomass, and the alkane components are obtained through hydrolysis of biomass and high-pressure hydrogenation under the action of noble metal catalysts. The process cycle is long, the process is complicated, and the equipment occupies a large area and Disadvantages such as high investment costs. There is an urgent need to develop a new technology with short processing period, simple process and the ability to prepare full-component aviation fuel.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass. The method of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is used to prepare aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins. The process is carried out under normal pressure. And the biomass can be converted into the target product within 1 minute, the treatment cycle is short and the process is simple. Oligomerization and hydrogenation of low-carbon olefins are completed simultaneously in a reactor to prepare alkanes, and then the alkanes and aromatics are mixed to prepare full-component aviation fuel, realizing the step conversion of biomass.

Technical scheme: in order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme used in the present invention is as follows:

A device for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass according to the present invention, the device comprises:

Biomass selective pyrolysis system, used for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins, while realizing catalyst regeneration and pyrolysis heat supply;

Low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system, which is used to oligomerize and hydrogenate low-carbon olefins produced by biomass selective pyrolysis system to prepare alkane fuel, and at the same time realize the regeneration of oligomerization hydrogenation catalyst;

Aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system, used to fully mix aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane in proportion to make aviation oil;

The inlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system is the biomass inlet of the device, and the gas phase outlet is connected with the inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor in the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system, and the biomass selective pyrolysis The oil phase outlet of the system is connected to the inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter in the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system; the alkane liquid outlet in the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system is connected to the inlet of the stirring mixer in the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system The liquid outlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system is the aromatic hydrocarbon and aviation kerosene outlet of the device.

The biomass selective pyrolysis system includes a selective pyrolysis reactor, a cyclone separator, a catalyst regeneration reactor, a product condenser and an oil-water separator, wherein the inlet of the selective pyrolysis reactor (1) is selected for biomass The inlet of the selective pyrolysis system (I), the outlet of the selective pyrolysis reactor is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator, the upper outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the product condenser, and the liquid phase outlet of the product condenser is connected with the oil-water separator The inlet of the cyclone separator is connected, the lower outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor, the outlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor is connected with the catalyst inlet of the selective pyrolysis reactor, and the gas phase outlet of the product condenser is used for the selective pyrolysis of biomass The gas phase outlet of the system, the oil phase outlet of the oil-water separator (5) is the oil phase outlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system (1).

The low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system includes an olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, a catalyst regeneration reactor, a catalyst storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen compressor, wherein the olefin catalytic oligomerization The inlet of the hydrogenation reactor is the gas phase inlet of the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system, the inlet of the hydrogen compressor is connected to the hydrogen storage tank, the outlet is connected to the inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor, and the outlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor is The outlet is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, and the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is the liquid phase outlet of the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is low-carbon The mixed gas outlet of the olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system; the solid phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator is connected to the inlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor, the outlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor is connected to the inlet of the catalyst storage tank, and the outlet of the catalyst storage tank is connected to olefin Catalyst inlet for catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor.

The aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon splitter and a stirring mixer, the inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter is the aromatic hydrocarbon inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system, the outlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter and the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system The alkane inlet is connected to a stirring mixer for mixing, and the stirring mixer outputs aviation kerosene.

The zeolite microporous catalyst is used in the biomass selective pyrolysis system, the pressure is normal pressure, and the temperature is between 500-650°C.

The zeolite microporous catalyst is HZSM-5, SAPO-34, Fe/HZSM-5, Cu/HZSM-5 or Ga/HZSM-5.

In the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system, Fe, Cu, and Ni are used as active elements, and HZSM-5 and MCM-41 or HZSM-5 and Al ₂ O ₃ are made into a composite multi-level porous carrier, which is prepared as Fe/HZSM -5/MCM-41, Cu/HZSM-5/MCM-41, Ni/HZSM-5/MCM-41 or Cu/HZSM-5/Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst as the catalyst of this system, the operating pressure is 2-5MPa , the temperature is between 150-300°C.

The device for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass according to the present invention The method for preparing aviation fuel comprises the following steps: firstly, the biomass is catalytically pyrolyzed to prepare aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins, and then the aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins are separated , complete the process of oligomerization hydrogenation of light olefins in a reactor to prepare alkanes, and then mix aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins according to the proportion of aviation oil to prepare aviation fuel.

The method is based on a device consisting of a biomass selective pyrolysis system, a low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system and an aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system. The biomass selective pyrolysis system includes a selective pyrolysis reactor, cyclone separation device, catalyst regeneration reactor, product condenser and oil-water separator; low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system includes olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor, gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, catalyst regeneration reactor, catalyst storage tank, Hydrogen storage tank and hydrogen compressor; aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system includes aromatic hydrocarbon splitter and stirring mixer, the specific steps are as follows:

First, biomass is added from the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor, and is selectively pyrolyzed under normal pressure, normal temperature and catalyst; the outlet product of the biomass pyrolysis reactor enters the cyclone separator, and the catalyst and coke solid phase substances are separated into the catalyst Regeneration reactor, the reactor is fed with air, on the one hand, the coke generated by burning is heated to the catalyst;

The gas from the cyclone separator is condensed by the condenser, and the water and aromatic hydrocarbon products are condensed, and the aromatic hydrocarbons are separated by the oil-water separator, and the aromatic hydrocarbons pass through the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter, and a part of the aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins oligomerize hydrogenation system The prepared alkanes are mixed to make aviation fuel, and the remaining aromatic hydrocarbons are used as chemical products;

The uncondensed gas of the biomass selective pyrolysis product through the condenser is rich in low-carbon olefins, and the uncondensed gas is passed through the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor under the action of catalyst and hydrogen to obtain alkane products, wherein the hydrogen is obtained by The hydrogen compressor pumps the hydrogen storage tank to supply, the alkane product is separated from the catalyst and the liquid alkane through the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator, the catalyst enters the catalyst regeneration reactor for regeneration, and then is sent to the catalyst storage tank, and then added to the olefin catalyst The oligomerization hydrogenation reactor continues to be used for oligomerization and hydrogenation reactions to realize the entire catalyst cycle;

The alkane separated by the three-phase separator of the gas-liquid-solid mixer and the aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter are fed into the stirring mixer, and the aviation fuel is prepared after being fully mixed.

Beneficial effects: the present invention utilizes the characteristics of selective pyrolysis of biomass to prepare liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, and at the same time collects and further converts non-condensable gases, and oligomerizes and hydroisomerizes olefins in non-condensable gases to form aromatic hydrocarbons with a certain carbon chain length. Alkanes, by changing the content percentage of aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes, different types of aviation fuels are obtained, and the step conversion of biomass is realized. The cascade conversion method of the invention combines the selective pyrolysis of biomass with the oligomerization hydrogenation reaction of olefins, thereby improving the utilization rate of biomass. The preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins by selective pyrolysis of biomass in the present invention is carried out under normal pressure and under the action of cheap zeolite catalysts, which has the advantages of short production cycle, simple process, small footprint and low investment, and low carbon Oligomerization and hydrogenation of olefins is carried out in one reactor, and alkanes are prepared in one step, and full-component aviation fuel can be obtained.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the nuclear device of the method for preparing aviation fuel by biomass selective pyrolysis-step conversion of the present invention;

Among them: biomass selective pyrolysis system I, low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II and aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixed system III;

Selective pyrolysis reactor 1, cyclone separator 2, catalyst regeneration reactor 3, product condenser 4, oil-water separator 5, aromatic hydrocarbon splitter 6, olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7, gas-liquid-solid three-phase Separator 8, catalyst regeneration reactor 9, catalyst storage tank 10, hydrogen storage tank 11, hydrogen compressor 12, stirring mixer 13.

detailed description

The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a device for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass, which includes three systems: biomass selective pyrolysis system I, low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II and III of mixed systems of aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes.

Biomass Selective Pyrolysis System I, which is used to catalytically pyrolyze biomass to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins, while realizing catalyst regeneration and pyrolysis heat supply;

Low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II is used to oligomerize and hydrogenate low-carbon olefins produced by biomass selective pyrolysis system I to prepare alkane fuel, and at the same time realize the regeneration of oligomerization hydrogenation catalyst;

Aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system III, which is used to fully mix aromatic hydrocarbons and alkane in proportion to make aviation oil;

The inlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system I is the biomass inlet of the device, and the gas phase outlet is connected with the inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor in the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II, and the biomass selectivity The oil phase outlet of the pyrolysis system I is connected with the inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter in the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system III; the alkane liquid outlet in the low carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II is connected with the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system III The inlet of the agitating mixer is connected; the liquid outlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system III is the aromatic hydrocarbon and aviation fuel outlet of the device.

Described biomass selective pyrolysis system 1 comprises selective pyrolysis reactor 1, cyclone separator 2, catalyst regeneration reactor 3, product condenser 4 and oil-water separator 5, wherein the selective pyrolysis reactor 1 The inlet is the inlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system I, the outlet of the selective pyrolysis reactor 1 is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator 2, the upper outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is connected with the inlet of the product condenser 4, and the product condenser The liquid phase outlet of 4 is connected with the inlet of the oil-water separator 5, the lower outlet of the cyclone separator 2 is connected with the inlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor 3, and the outlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor 3 is connected with the catalyst inlet of the selective pyrolysis reactor 1 , the gas phase outlet of the product condenser 4 is the gas phase outlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system I; the oil phase outlet of the oil-water separator 5 is the oil phase outlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system I. The biomass raw material undergoes catalytic pyrolysis in the selective pyrolysis reactor to generate aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins. The product passes through the cyclone separator to separate the deactivated catalyst and coke and then reaches the product condenser. In the product condenser, aromatic hydrocarbons and The generated water is condensed, and then passed through the oil-water separator to realize the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons and water, and the low-carbon olefins remain in the non-condensable gas, and the deactivated catalyst is regenerated in the catalyst regenerator, and then returned to the selective pyrolysis reactor, Complete the entire biomass selective pyrolysis cycle.

The low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II includes olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7, gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator 8, catalyst regeneration reactor 9, catalyst storage tank 10, hydrogen storage tank 11 and hydrogen compression Machine 12, wherein the inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7 is the gas phase inlet of the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II, the inlet of the hydrogen compressor 12 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 11, and the outlet is connected to the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7, the outlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator 8, and the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator 8 is the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II The liquid phase outlet; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator 8 is the mixed gas outlet of the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II; the solid phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator 8 is connected to the inlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor 9 The outlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor 9 is connected to the inlet of the catalyst storage tank 10, and the outlet of the catalyst storage tank 10 is connected to the catalyst inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7. Low-carbon olefins undergo oligomerization hydrogenation reaction in the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor. The product is condensed by the product condenser and enters the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator for separation. The hydrogen required for hydrogenation is sucked by the hydrogen compressor The hydrogen supply in the hydrogen storage tank, the deactivated catalyst of oligomerization hydrogenation enters the catalyst regeneration reactor for regeneration, and the regenerated catalyst enters the catalyst storage tank, and then enters the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor to complete the whole low-carbon olefin Polyhydrogenation system cycle.

Aromatics and alkane mixing system III comprises aromatics splitter 6 and stirring mixer 13, the inlet of aromatics splitter 6 is the aromatics inlet of aromatics and alkanes mixing system III, the outlet of aromatics splitter 6 and aromatics and The alkane inlet of the alkane mixing system III is connected to the stirring mixer 13 for mixing, and the stirring mixer 13 outputs aviation fuel. Aromatic hydrocarbons prepared by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass are split in the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter, and alkanes prepared by oligomerization and hydrogenation of light olefins are fully mixed in a stirring mixer according to a certain ratio to obtain aviation fuel.

In the selective pyrolysis reactor 1 in the biomass selective pyrolysis system I, a zeolite microporous catalyst is used, and the zeolite microporous catalyst is HZSM-5, SAPO-34, Fe/HZSM-5, Cu /HZSM-5 or Ga/HZSM-5, the pressure is normal pressure, the temperature is between 500-650°C, the ratio and selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons and light olefins can be changed by different catalysts and conditions.

The olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7 in the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II adopts Fe, Cu, Ni as active elements, and is made of HZSM-5 and MCM-41 or HZSM-5 and Al ₂ O ₃ Composite multi-level porous carrier, prepared as Fe/HZSM-5/MCM-41, Cu/HZSM-5/MCM-41, Ni/HZSM-5/MCM-41 or Cu/HZSM-5/Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst As the catalyst of this system, the operating pressure is 2-5MPa, and the temperature is between 150-300°C. The yield of alkane and the length of the carbon chain can be changed by different catalysts and conditions.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing aviation fuel by a device for preparing aviation fuel through selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass, the method includes the following steps: firstly, catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is used to prepare aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins, and then Aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins are separated, low-carbon olefins are oligomerized and hydrogenated in a reactor to prepare alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins are mixed according to the ratio of aviation oil to prepare aviation fuel.

Said method is based on a device consisting of biomass selective pyrolysis system I, low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II and aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixed system III. Biomass selective pyrolysis system I includes selective pyrolysis reaction Device 1, cyclone separator 2, catalyst regeneration reactor 3, product condenser 4 and oil-water separator 5; low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system II includes olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7, gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation Device 8, catalyst regeneration reactor 9, catalyst storage tank 10, hydrogen storage tank 11 and hydrogen compressor 12; Aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system III comprises aromatic hydrocarbon splitter 6 and stirring mixer 13, and the concrete steps of this method are as follows: first Biomass is fed from the bottom of pyrolysis reactor 1, and is selectively pyrolyzed under normal pressure, normal temperature and catalyst; the output product of biomass pyrolysis reactor 1 enters cyclone separator 2, and the catalyst and coke solid phase substances are separated Enter the catalyst regeneration reactor 3, which is fed with air. On the one hand, the coke generated by combustion is heated to heat the catalyst, and on the other hand, the coke on the surface of the catalyst is burned to regenerate it, and it returns to the pyrolysis reactor 1 to realize recycling;

The gas from the cyclone separator 2 is condensed by the condenser 4, and the water and aromatic hydrocarbon products in it are condensed, and the aromatic hydrocarbons are separated by the oil-water separator 5, and the aromatic hydrocarbons pass through the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter 6, and a part of the aromatic hydrocarbons are homogeneous with light olefins. The alkanes prepared by polyhydrogenation system II are mixed to make aviation fuel, and the remaining aromatics are used as chemical products;

The biomass selective pyrolysis product from the cyclone separator 2 passes through the condenser 4, and the uncondensed gas is rich in low-carbon olefins, and the uncondensed gas passes through the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7 under the action of catalyst and hydrogen Finally, the alkane product is obtained, wherein the hydrogen is supplied by the hydrogen gas storage tank 11 sucked by the hydrogen compressor 12. After the alkane product is separated from the catalyst and the liquid alkane by the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator 8, the catalyst enters the catalyst regeneration reactor 9 for regeneration , and then sent to the catalyst storage tank 10, and then added to the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7 to continue to be used for oligomerization and hydrogenation reactions to realize the entire catalyst circulation;

Finally, the alkanes separated by the three-phase separator 8 of the gas-liquid-solid mixer and the aromatic hydrocarbons obtained by the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter 6 are passed into the agitating mixer 13, and after thorough mixing, aviation fuel is prepared.

Example 2

In this example, the biomass raw material is rice straw particles smaller than 5 mm. The selective pyrolysis catalyst uses zeolite HZSM-5 catalyst as the bed material. First, the straw particles are added from the bottom of selective pyrolysis reactor 1. The pyrolysis bed in the twin bed of reactor 1 is heated to 600°C to undergo pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis steam enters the catalyst pores to be catalytically converted to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins and other products, which enter the cyclone separator 2 and deactivate HZSM -5 and coke are separated by the cyclone separator 2 and enter the catalyst regeneration reactor 3 to the combustion bed in the double bed. The HZSM-5 catalyst returns in the pyrolysis bed in the selective pyrolysis reactor 1 again, completes the whole pyrolysis cycle, and the gas that the cyclone separator 2 comes out is condensed through the product condenser 4, wherein water and aromatic hydrocarbon product (benzene, Toluene and xylene, etc.) are condensed and then the aromatic hydrocarbons are separated through the oil-water separator 5, and the non-condensed gas of the biomass selective pyrolysis product through the condenser 4 is rich in low-carbon olefins.

The non-condensable gas rich in low-carbon olefins produced by the selective pyrolysis of straw particles is used to prepare alkanes by oligomerization hydrogenation method. The reaction conditions are as follows: Ni/HZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst is used, the pressure is 3MPa, and the temperature is 200°C. The uncondensed gas in the condenser 4 enters the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor 7, and the low-carbon olefins are oligomerized and hydrogenated to generate C10-C16 alkanes, wherein the hydrogen is supplied by the hydrogen compressor 12 and the hydrogen storage tank 11 After the product is separated from the catalyst and liquid alkanes by the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator 8, the Ni/HZSM-5/MCM-41 catalyst enters the catalyst regeneration reactor 9 for regeneration, then enters the catalyst storage tank, and then enters the catalytic oligomerization of olefins The hydrogenation reactor 7 continues to be used for oligomerization and hydrogenation reactions, realizing the whole catalyst circulation.

The C10-C16 alkanes separated by the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator 8 and the aromatic hydrocarbons obtained by the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter 6 are passed into the agitating mixer 13 at a ratio of 30% of the aromatic hydrocarbons, and the aviation fuel is prepared after thorough mixing.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but all equivalent modifications or changes made by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection described in the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A device for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass, characterized in that: the device comprises: Biomass selective pyrolysis system (I), used for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to prepare aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins, while realizing catalyst regeneration and pyrolysis heat supply; The low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II) is used to oligomerize and hydrogenate the low-carbon olefins produced by the biomass selective pyrolysis system (I) to prepare alkane fuel, and at the same time realize the regeneration of the oligomerization hydrogenation catalyst; Aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system (III), used for fully mixing aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane in proportion to make aviation oil; The import of the biomass selective pyrolysis system (I) is the biomass import of the device, and the gas phase outlet is connected with the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor inlet in the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II), The oil phase outlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system (I) is connected with the inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter in the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system (III); the alkane liquid in the low carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II) The outlet is connected with the inlet of the stirring mixer in the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system (III); the liquid outlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system (III) is the aromatic hydrocarbon and aviation fuel outlet of the device; in: The biomass selective pyrolysis system (I) comprises a selective pyrolysis reactor (1), a cyclone separator (2), a catalyst regeneration reactor (3), a product condenser (4) and an oil-water separator (5), Wherein the inlet of selective pyrolysis reactor (1) is the inlet of biomass selective pyrolysis system (I), the outlet of selective pyrolysis reactor (1) links to each other with the inlet of cyclone separator (2), and cyclone separates The upper outlet of the device (2) is connected with the inlet of the product condenser (4), the liquid phase outlet of the product condenser (4) is connected with the inlet of the oil-water separator (5), and the lower outlet of the cyclone separator (2) is connected with the catalyst The inlet of the regeneration reactor (3) is connected, the outlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor (3) is connected with the catalyst inlet of the selective pyrolysis reactor (1), and the gas phase outlet of the product condenser (4) is for biomass selective pyrolysis The gas phase outlet of the system (I); the oil phase outlet of the oil-water separator (5) is the oil phase outlet of the biomass selective pyrolysis system (I); The low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II) includes an olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor (7), a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (8), a catalyst regeneration reactor (9), a catalyst storage tank (10), A hydrogen storage tank (11) and a hydrogen compressor (12), wherein the inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor (7) is the gas phase inlet of the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II), and the hydrogen compressor (12) The inlet is connected to the hydrogen storage tank (11), the outlet is connected to the inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor (7), and the outlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor (7) is connected to the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (8) Inlet, the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (8) is the liquid phase outlet of the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II); the gas-phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (8) is low-carbon olefins The mixed gas outlet of the oligomerization hydrogenation system (II); the solid phase outlet of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (8) is connected to the inlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor (9), and the outlet of the catalyst regeneration reactor (9) is connected to the catalyst storage The inlet of the tank (10), the outlet of the catalyst storage tank (10) is connected to the catalyst inlet of the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor (7); The aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system (III) comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon splitter (6) and an agitating mixer (13), and the inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter (6) is the aromatic hydrocarbon inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system (III), and the aromatic hydrocarbon The outlet of the hydrocarbon splitter (6) and the alkane inlet of the aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixing system (III) are connected to the stirring mixer (13) for mixing, and the aviation fuel is output by the stirring mixer (13). 2. a kind of biomass selective pyrolysis-step conversion according to claim 1 prepares the device of aviation fuel oil, it is characterized in that: adopt zeolite microporous catalyst in the biomass selective pyrolysis system (1), pressure is Atmospheric pressure, the temperature is between 500-650°C. 3. A device for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that: the zeolite microporous catalyst is HZSM-5, SAPO-34, Fe/HZSM- 5. Cu/HZSM-5 or Ga/HZSM-5. 4. a kind of biomass selective pyrolysis-step conversion according to claim 1 prepares the device of aviation fuel oil, it is characterized in that: adopt Fe, Cu, Ni as active in the oligomerization hydrogenation system (II) Elements, HZSM-5 and MCM-41 or HZSM-5 and Al ₂ O ₃ made into a composite multi-level porous carrier, prepared as Fe/HZSM-5/MCM-41, Cu/HZSM-5/MCM-41, Ni/ HZSM-5/MCM-41 or Cu/HZSM-5/Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst is used as the catalyst of this system, the operating pressure is 2-5MPa, and the temperature is between 150-300°C. 5. A method for preparing aviation fuel by a device for preparing aviation fuel by selective pyrolysis-step conversion of biomass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the method comprises the steps of: first preparing aromatic fuel by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass Hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins, and then separate aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon olefins, complete oligomerization and hydrogenation of low-carbon olefins in a reactor to prepare alkanes, and then mix aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins according to the proportion of aviation oil to prepare aviation fuel; The method is based on a device consisting of a biomass selective pyrolysis system (I), a low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II) and an aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixed system (III). The biomass selective pyrolysis system (I) Including selective pyrolysis reactor (1), cyclone separator (2), catalyst regeneration reactor (3), product condenser (4) and oil-water separator (5); light olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II ) includes an olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor (7), a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (8), a catalyst regeneration reactor (9), a catalyst storage tank (10), a hydrogen storage tank (11) and a hydrogen compressor (12); Aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane mixed system (III) comprise aromatic hydrocarbon splitter (6) and stirring mixer (13), concrete steps are as follows: First, the biomass is added from the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor (1), and is selectively pyrolyzed under normal pressure, normal temperature and catalyst; the outlet product of the biomass pyrolysis reactor (1) enters the cyclone separator (2), and the catalyst therein The coke and coke solid phase substances are separated into the catalyst regeneration reactor (3), and the reactor is fed with air. On the one hand, the coke generated by combustion is heated to the catalyst, and on the other hand, the coke on the surface of the catalyst is burned to regenerate it and return to pyrolysis. In the reactor (1), realize recycling; The gas from the cyclone separator (2) is condensed by the condenser (4), and the water and aromatic hydrocarbon products are condensed, and the aromatic hydrocarbons are separated by the oil-water separator (5), and the aromatic hydrocarbons are passed through the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter (6). Part of the aromatic hydrocarbons are mixed with the alkanes prepared by the low-carbon olefin oligomerization hydrogenation system (II) to prepare aviation fuel, and the remaining aromatic hydrocarbons are used as chemical products; The uncondensed gas of the biomass selective pyrolysis product passing through the condenser (4) is rich in low-carbon olefins, and the uncondensed gas is obtained after passing through the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor (7) under the action of catalyst and hydrogen The alkane product, wherein hydrogen is supplied by the hydrogen gas storage tank (11) sucked by the hydrogen compressor (12), after the alkane product is separated from the catalyst and the liquid alkane by the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (8), the catalyst enters the catalyst regeneration reaction The device (9) is regenerated, and then sent to the catalyst storage tank (10), and then added to the olefin catalytic oligomerization hydrogenation reactor (7) to continue to be used for oligomerization and hydrogenation reactions, so as to realize the whole catalyst circulation; Pass the alkanes separated by the three-phase separator (8) of the gas-liquid-solid mixer and the aromatic hydrocarbons obtained by the aromatic hydrocarbon splitter (6) into the stirring mixer (13), and prepare aviation fuel after thorough mixing.