CN103487722A - Distributed cable state detection system based on TDR - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a real-time cable pipe network state detection system, in particular to a system for acquiring real-time working states of cable pipe networks and locating faults with a digital signal processing method through the advanced time domain reflection technology and a computerized algorithm. A TDR module and a 3G/4G communication module are additionally arranged on a power distribution cabinet, reflection signals of the cable pipe networks are collected in real time and converted into digital signals, data are sent to a data center through the 3G/4G module, the data center acquires the working states of the cable pipe networks, locates the positions of the faults in real time and gives out corresponding alarm and prompt information to achieve linkage with other municipal facilities around the fault points through a wavelet transform algorithm, a best similarity algorithm and other algorithms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to integrated circuit, circuit hardware design and Embedded Software Design, PC software and algorithm design, the communications field, a kind of system of real-time cable pipe network status monitoring particularly, utilize advanced TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) technology and computerized algorithm, obtain the system of cable pipe network real-time working state and localization of fault by digital signal processing method, increase TDR module and 3G/4G communications module on power distribution cabinet, the reflected signal of Real-time Collection cable pipe network and be converted into digital signal, data are sent to data center by the 3G/4G module, data center passes through wavelet transformation, the Best similarity scheduling algorithm, obtain the duty of cable pipe network, locate in real time the position of fault, and send corresponding warning and information, realize interlock with other urban operating mechanisms of trouble spot periphery.
Technical background
Current cable state-detection, adopt centralized signal generator and distributed signal receive mode, and whether receiving end is continuous by signal, judges whether conducting of cable.Whole system need to be changed at present all loads, and when needs more during about work such as cable state and load condition analyses accordingly, need to carry out Secondary Design and construction for all loads, value-added service almost can't provide.Current system as shown in Figure 1.
Annexation is as follows: increase signal generator in panel box, panel box goes out 5 cables: 3 phase line A, B, C, zero line N and ground wire PE; Load connects 3 line cables: in 3 phase lines one, zero line, ground wire increase signal receiver, radio communication module simultaneously in load.
The course of work is as follows: under normal operating conditions, and the continuous transmitted signal of signal generator in distributing cabinet, and the signal receiver in load can receive signal continuously; When cable is truncated, the signal of the receiver in all or part of load will interrupt, thereby make the radio communication module send alerting signal.
Current mode is simple in design, but performance difficulty, the huge and standard disunity of workload, the work under bad environment of various loads, make the life-span of relevant device very short, or need extra cost to be improved.
The shortcoming of classic method is:
Function singleness, only can detect the on off operating mode of cable;
The enforcement difficulty is large, need to design according to different loads corresponding receiver, communications module etc.;
Can not accurately locate rapidly the cable trouble spot, only can roughly judge with reference to load situation;
Cost is high, for the various different loads in hundred million, is changed, and overall cost is too high;
Can not predict the duty of cable and load, maintenance work does not possess specific aim and preventative:
The quality of the load that None-identified is different and each producer's equipment and materials;
The quality problems of None-identified installation and carry out preventative improvement;
Be not suitable for working under complex environment.
Content of the present invention
The present invention realizes by the following method.
Be illustrated in figure 2 the cable condition monitoring system terminal hardware based on TDR, annexation is: 4 signal coupling modules respectively with 3 phase lines, 1 zero line, and 4 HPF modules, 1 drives module to connect, ground wire is connected with 4 coupling modules respectively, 4 ADC modules are connected with 4 HPF modules respectively, the MCU module respectively with 4 ADC modules, and SDRAM module, sensor module, GPS/ Big Dipper module, the 3G/4G module connects, 1～100M signal generator is connected with driving module, Switching Power Supply and charging module, rechargeable battery forms the power supply module, to whole system, power.
Principle of work is as follows: 1～100MHz signal generator produces pulse signal, after overdrive module and signal coupling, send on 5 cables: 3 phase lines, 1 zero line, 1 ground wire, the pulse-echo returned on coupling module while receiving cable, primary pulse and reflected impulse are sent to the HPF module, enter after treatment the ADC module and be converted to digital signal.
Digital signal is stored in SDRAM, MCU averages the repeatedly measurement data on 4 cables (3 phase lines, 1 zero line), then according to maximum Similarity algorithm, calculate data on 4 cables and the difference of initialize data, if there is no difference, proceed the measurement continued, if difference detected, start alert program, related data is sent to data center by the 3G/4G module.
Sensor module includes acceleration transducer, vibration transducer, casing gate inhibition sensor, when data exception being detected, starts alert program, and related data is sent to data center by the 3G/4G module.
GPS/ Big Dipper module obtains whole module position information, and after installing, position is relatively fixing.When changing, start alert program when position, related data is sent to data center by the 3G/4G module.
Switching Power Supply, charging module, rechargeable battery form the power supply module, electric power are provided to whole module.
As shown in Figure 3, detect the connected mode of module and power cable, 4 identical signal couplings and HPF module, have same input/output port.Phase line A is connected with the VHAP port of HPF1 module with signal coupling, phase line B is connected with the VHAP port of HPF2 module with signal coupling, phase line C is connected with the VHAP port of HPF3 module with signal coupling, zero line N is connected with the VHAP port of HPF4 module with signal coupling, and ground wire is connected with the VHAN port of HPF module with 4 signal couplings.
The VAP of signal coupling and HPF1 module and VAN port, form the difference output of the primary pulse of phase line A and reflected impulse, the VAP of signal coupling and HPF2 module and VAN port, form the difference output of the primary pulse of phase line B and reflected impulse, the VAP of signal coupling and HPF3 module and VAN port, form the difference output of the primary pulse of phase line C and reflected impulse, the VAP of signal coupling and HPF4 module and VAN port, form the difference output of the primary pulse of zero line N and reflected impulse.
As shown in Figure 4, the coupling of TDR module and HPF circuit, annexation is: port VHAP and capacitor C 2, be connected port VHAN and capacitor C 1 after inductance L 1 series connection with the secondary upper end of transformer T, be connected transformer primary side upper end and capacitor C 3 after inductance L 2 series connection with the secondary lower end of transformer T, transistor Q2 collector, resistance R 7 connects, transformer primary side lower end and capacitor C 4, transistor Q3 collector, resistance R 6 connects, transformer centre tap and capacitor C 3, C4, resistance R 3, transistor Q1 emitter-base bandgap grading, Full differential operational amplifier FDopAMP common mode input end connects, VCC and transistor Q1 collector, transistor Q2 emitter-base bandgap grading, resistance R 1 connects, GND and transistor Q3 emitter-base bandgap grading, resistance R 2, R3 connects, and resistance R 5 is connected with inverter output and transistor Q2 base stage, resistance R 4 phase inverter input ends, transistor Q3 base stage and signal input part Pulse connect, and Zener Z1 is connected back-to-back with Z2, Z1 and R7, C5 connects, Z2 and R6, C8 connects, resistance R 9, the R11 series connection, R9 and capacitor C 5, C6, C7 connects, R11 and capacitor C 8, C9, C10 connects, Full differential operational amplifier input cathode and C7, R10 connects, Full differential operational amplifier input cathode and C10, R12 connects, Full differential operational amplifier negative pole of output end VAN and C9, R12 connects, Full differential operational amplifier output head anode VPN and C6, R10 connects.
Principle of work is as follows:
Receive signal and receive from VHAP, VHAN, after bandpass filter, at transformer primary side, produce differential signal, through R6, R7 input fully differential HPF, final Full differential operational amplifier output terminal forms difference output VAP, VAN.
Zener Z1, Z2 carry out the embedding pressure for abnormal large-signal, prevent the damage to the rear portion circuit.
When Pulse voltage while being high, transistor Q2, Q3 conducting, the electric current transformer of flowing through, finally produce output pulse VHAP-VHAN at the transformer secondary, and pulse signal, simultaneously by resistance R 6, R7, produces output VAP-VAN through HPF.
The pulsewidth of pulse Pulse determines as required, and principle is to avoid overlapping between trigger pulse and reflected signal, and the frequency range of pulse is simultaneously mated with channel bandwidth, and generally setting pulsewidth is 10ns～1us; Recurrence interval is 1～100us, determines as required, and principle is to avoid overlapping between trigger pulse and reflected signal, and the Multi reflection of pulse simultaneously no longer causes accumulated interference to follow-up pulse after overdamping.
The HPF functional module comprises following parts: capacitor C 5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, resistance R 9, R10, R11, R12 and Full differential operational amplifier FDopAMP.HPF can be configured to different types, and the numerical value of resistance R and capacitor C is definite as required, and F0 is corner frequency, specific as follows.
Besse1 HPF configuration: R9=R11=0.73R, R10=R12=2.19R, C5=C6=C7=C8=C9=C10=C, F0=1/ (2 π RC);
Buttorwprth configuration: R9=R11=0.467R, R10=R12=2.11R, C5=C6=C7=C8=C9=C10=C, F0=1/ (2 π RC):
Chebyshev configuration: R9=R11=3.3R, R10=R12=0.215R, C5=C6=C7=C8=C9=C10=C, F0=1/ (2 π RC).
Transformer T isolated high-voltage, the transmitting-receiving and the bandwidth that form signal are controlled simultaneously.
Advantage of the present invention is:
Fault is located in real time, accurate positioning, and degree of accuracy is determined as required;
Overall cost is low, only need to increase module on power distribution cabinet and get final product;
Can identify cable state, cable quality and time dependent trend;
Can identify different cable tie point quality;
Can identify different loads and loaded work piece state;
Business tine is various, increases as required value-added service simple, only on data center computer, increases corresponding software;
By corresponding data mining, support the preventive maintenance of cable, load.
The accompanying drawing explanation.
Fig. 1: present cable state monitoring framework
Fig. 2: the cable condition monitoring system terminal hardware based on TDR
Fig. 3: the connected mode that detects module and power cable
Fig. 4: the coupling of TDR module and HPF circuit
Fig. 5: the link model of municipal road lamp
Fig. 6: TDR waveform
Fig. 7: TDR system framework
Fig. 8: propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave tables of data in cable
Fig. 9: the fault alarm based on 6IS
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, content of the present invention is described in further detail.The cable of municipal road lamp presents distributed frame, and each power distribution cabinet becomes linear structure with the cable between street lamp.
The link model of municipal road lamp as shown in Figure 5, annexation is: panel box is connected with 5 cables, phase line A successively with one group of power cable model 1, the lamp stand crunode model, the lamp stand cable model, the lamp load model connects, phase line B successively with one group of power cable model 1, the lamp stand crunode model, the lamp stand cable model, the lamp load model connects, phase line C successively with one group of power cable model 1, the lamp stand crunode model, the lamp stand cable model, the lamp load model connects, zero line N successively with three groups of power cable models 1, the lamp stand crunode model, the lamp stand cable model, the lamp load model connects, ground wire PE connects as required and difference, difference general and zero line N is not connect load module.
Principle of work is: cable has reflection in the place of any impedance discontinuity, inconsistent, the mechanical bend of the variation of wire diameter variation, insulating layer material and the thickness of cable, Treatment of Metal Surface, with the contact of other cables etc., all can produce signal reflex.
For the connection between street lamp is from the power distribution cabinet to the light fixture, the point that impedance mismatch is larger has several: 2 contacts between the cable that the cable that power distribution cabinet itself is drawn, light pole inside have been laid, the input impedance of light fixture itself, above-mentioned 3 kinds of models.
According in cable laying 3 mutually between the principle of balance, 3 phase lines are generally taked arranged spaced with being connected of street lamp: as street lamp sequences 1,2,3,4,5,6 successively, 7......, phase line A connect 1,4,7..., phase line B connection 2,5,8..., phase line C connects 3,6,9..., and the integral multiple that under power distribution cabinet, the best configuration number of street lamp is 3.
The configuration of zero line is different from 3 phase lines, every lamp stand all needs to configure zero line, and to drive the street lamp load, so zero line is after access lamp stand and load, the impedance discontinuity point of its cable will be much larger than 3 phase lines, and the signal reflex waveform is more complicated than the waveform on 3 phase lines.
The configuration of ground wire and zero line are approximate, and just ground wire only provides the earthing of casing protection of light fixture, with load, is not connected; Ground wire is from high-tension cable access power distribution cabinet and do not continue, but from power distribution cabinet as benchmark draw, so power distribution cabinet need use metal bar as ground wire, squeezes into darker place, stratum.
For general load, the cable of access is 1 phase line+zero line, the reflection that different loads causes is different: the differential declines of different frequency composition, the different phase place variation of different frequency composition etc. in the phase place of reflection wave amplitude, reflection wave, reflection wave, after image data, by this type of information in mining data, can obtain the data such as kind, watt level, tenure of use, reliability of load.
TDR waveform as shown in Figure 6, the waveform of leftmost side amplitude maximum is primary pulse, waveform progressively launches 4 reflection configurations to the right, shows 4 reflection configurations that the different load of distance causes that cable connects.
The foundation that the peak value of take be to detect, the time interval of going forward one by one between primary pulse and 4 reflection waves is 100,50,50,30, the 50ns of chronomere, the velocity of wave on cable of take is 1.8*10
8m/s calculates, and obtains
Distance between power distribution cabinet and first load is: 100*50*10
-9* 1.8*10
8/ 2=450m
Distance between the 1st load and the 2nd load: 50*50*10
-9* 1.8*10
8/ 2=225m
Distance between the 2nd load and the 3rd load: 50*50*10
-9* 1.8*10
8/ 2=225m
Distance between the 3rd load and the 4th load: 30*50*10
-9* 1.8*10
8/ 2=135m
TDR system framework as shown in Figure 7, annexation is: the built-in TDR communications module of power distribution cabinet is connected by wireless mode with communication network, communication network is connected by optical cable with data center router, router is connected by optical cable or high-speed data cable with database server (GIS server, street lamp database, gardens database, environment data base etc.), and street lamp and matching construction management are connected with GIS server, street lamp database server by optical cable or high speed cable with handling & alarm system.
Principle of work is: the built-in TDR module of power distribution cabinet detects the state of jurisdiction cable, after the time or abnormal event of agreement, related data is sent to communication network by the 3G/4G module, then by optical cable, send to data center router, then be forwarded to the street lamp database server.
Street lamp and matching construction management and handling & alarm system are after receiving data, call immediately the wavelet transformation scheduling algorithm to data analysis, wavelet analysis method is that the fixing but shape of a kind of window size (being window area) can change, the Time-Frequency Localization analytical approach that time window and frequency window can change.There is higher frequency resolution and lower temporal resolution in low frequency part, in high-frequency, partly there is higher temporal resolution and lower frequency resolution.
Electromagnetic signal is uploaded sowing time at cable, runs into the unmatched binding site of cable resistance (density of the insulation course of cable, the cross-section variation of conductor, metal surface etc. changes) and just reflects, and sudden change appears in signal.When sudden change appears in signal, the coefficient after wavelet transformation has modulus maximum, by the detection to modulus maximum, determines the time that fault occurs.Based on wavelet modulus maxima is corresponding with the catastrophe point of signal.First based on wavelet modulus maxima that fault initial row wave is gushed under low yardstick (high frequency band) is put the corresponding moment as row ripple due in, can calibrate exactly the time that the wavefront starting point arrives measuring junction
Complete primary pulse and trouble spot after the time interval between reflecting in demarcation, according to corresponding velocity of wave velocity of propagation, can calculate the distance between the distance signal generator of trouble spot.
The different point of cable resistance all can reflect, and is mingled with noise in the part reflection, thereby causes the difficulty that signal is processed to increase.The otdr signal detected is to be formed by stacking by original signal and noise, and based on wavelet modulus maxima is produced by detection noise, need to carry out the de-noising pre-service.
The wavelet threshold denoising method mainly is applicable in signal be mixed with the situation of white noise; The modulus maximum denoising is different from noise propagation characteristic of modulus maximum on different scale according to signal, selects the modulus maximum of signal and remove the modulus maximum of noise from all based on wavelet modulus maximas; The denoising of wavelet coefficient correlativity, according to the characteristics of wavelet transformation between different scale of signal and noise, directly multiplies each other to strengthen signal by the wavelet coefficient by adjacent yardstick, suppresses noise.
Different value-added services needs different data processing algorithms to support.
Propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave tables of data in cable as shown in Figure 8.It is relevant that the capable wave-wave of electromagnetic wave speed and structural parameters, medium parameter, the electricity of tested cable are led the factors such as parameter and environment temperature, during high frequency in cable wave velocity can be similar to and think only relevant with the insulating medium character of cable, and irrelevant with material and the sectional area of conductor core wire.
The insulating material difference that cable is used, therefore electromagnetic velocity of wave difference.
The differences such as compactness of the insulating material work in-process that cable is used, the same cable that different manufacturers is produced, velocity of wave is slightly different; Cable after laying, the aging speed difference of insulating material, thus cause the variation of velocity of wave; Same material is due to the difference of processing technology, the aging speed difference, thus cause the variation of velocity of wave.
Data center, after obtaining the data of different times, through data mining, can obtain relevant analysis report.
Fault alarm based on GIS as shown in Figure 9.After in power distribution cabinet, the TDR module being installed, GP configuring S/ Big Dipper device own, therefore its installation site can accurately be presented on map, when cable occur stolen grade abnormal after, the TDR module sends to data center by data, and data center by analysis, calculates the distance of broken cable place apart from power distribution cabinet occurs, then obtain by computer program the location information that fault occurs, be presented on monitoring screen.
After supporting with other facilities of municipal, can realize interlock.As the monitor network with public security realizes interlock, can transfer in real time the video data of fault scene and be observed, further examine the reason that fault occurs.
The value-added service of system of the present invention, different service needed different frequencies and the pulse of different wave are corresponding with it, simultaneously, the needs that add of high-end business tine are used better ADC chip and other parts: higher switching rate, higher conversion accuracy, lower noise.
Claims (10)
1. the present invention relates to a kind of system of real-time cable pipe network status monitoring, particularly utilize advanced TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) technology and computerized algorithm, obtain the system of cable pipe network real-time working state and localization of fault by digital signal processing method, it comprises 2 parts: increase TDR and communication positioning module on power distribution cabinet, the localization of fault and the real-time working state analysis software that increase at control data corporation; TDR and communication positioning module comprise with lower module: pulse signal generator and driving module, signal coupling and HPF module, ADC module, MCU and SDRAM module, sensor module, communications module, power supply module, positioning module.
2. according to the pulse signal generator and driving module of claims 1 described structure, it is characterized by: the cycle of pulse is set as required, generally at 1～100us; Pulse width is set according to factors such as cable material and environment, is generally 10ns～1us; The waveform of pulse is optional as required, can be the waveform of square wave, triangular wave, sine wave and other combination in any; Drive module as required signal to be pushed on cable fast, possess high current drive capability.
3. according to signal coupling and the HPF module of claims 1 described structure, it is characterized by: the coupling module is transceiving integrated, with forceful electric power, isolate, when pulse width variation, the position that need to adjust magnetic core of transformer reaches channel passband and aims at pulse simultaneously; The reference data of signal is ground wire, and three phase lines are identical with the signal on zero line, and the HPF module as required, can, by adjusting device parameters, obtain dissimilar HPF.
4. according to the ADC module of claims 1 described structure, it is characterized by: the switching rate of ADC module is relevant to the precision of distance location, and switching rate is faster, and positioning precision is higher; The resolution of ADC module is relevant to the business tine of load analysis, and resolution is higher, and the content of business diagnosis is more much more accurate.
5. according to the described MCU of claims 1 and SDRAM module, it is characterized by: the TDR waveform of the preset jurisdiction distributed cable of MCU, the dynamic TDR waveform of SDRAM Real-time Collection jurisdiction cable; MCU averages a plurality of dynamic TDR waveform in SDRAM, and carries out the maximum comparability computing with preset TDR waveform: when dynamic waveform and preset waveform dissmilarity, MCU sends warning message and dynamic data is uploaded.
6. according to the described sensor module of claims 1, it is characterized by: sensor tip is detected the on off state of acceleration of motion, vibration and the cabinet door of the casing of built-in TDR module, after the data that note abnormalities, according to the MCU instruction by data upload.
7. according to the described communications module of claims 1, it is characterized by: communications module adopts wireless communications mode, adopts teledata service mode bidirectional transmit-receive data.
8. according to the described positioning module of claims 1, it is characterized by: utilize GPS or Big Dipper module to calculate the position at TDR module place, during change in location, start and report to the police; When the warning that itself reports to the police or other reasons causes occurs, new location information is uploaded.
9. according to the described power supply module of claims 1, it is characterized by: at cable, during in charged work, by Switching Power Supply work, battery is in charging and armed state; When cable is not charged or during the fault electroless state, by battery, be responsible for providing electric power to whole TDR module.
10. the localization of fault and the real-time working state analysis software that according to the described control data corporation of claims 1, increase, it is characterized by: the GIS data of the preset cable of computing machine, after receiving warning message and related data, according to the wavelet transformation scheduling algorithm, determine the abnormal work state of which load generation and load, according to the GPS or the Big Dipper locator data that report, locate the particular location of load fault simultaneously.
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| CN105388397A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-09 | 山东康威通信技术股份有限公司 | Fault positioning device and method for cable of branch structure |
| CN105676066A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-15 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Cable fault locating eliminating device and method |
| CN108072816A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-25 | 安徽博达通信工程监理有限责任公司 | A kind of Cable fault examination communication system |
| CN109375065A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-02-22 | 长沙理工大学 | Traveling wave identification method and positioning device based on three-dimensional gray absolute correlation degree |
| CN110333429A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-10-15 | 申岩 | A kind of Multifunctional power transmission line fault traveling wave monitoring system using suspension type optical fiber insulator |
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| CN109375065A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-02-22 | 长沙理工大学 | Traveling wave identification method and positioning device based on three-dimensional gray absolute correlation degree |
| CN110333429A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-10-15 | 申岩 | A kind of Multifunctional power transmission line fault traveling wave monitoring system using suspension type optical fiber insulator |
| CN115104035A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-09-23 | 3M创新有限公司 | Monitoring system for evaluating grid conditions |
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| CN112993769B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2023-03-17 | 青岛美莱轨道股份有限公司 | Cable rapid installation detection device for power distribution cabinet |
| CN113985208A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-28 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A long-distance high-voltage submarine cable fault precise location system and method |
| CN118611274A (en) * | 2024-08-08 | 2024-09-06 | 内蒙古东创售电有限公司 | A monitoring method and system based on electric power energy management system |
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