python · furkanonder · Aug 18, 2025 · Aug 18, 2025 · Aug 18, 2025 · Aug 18, 2025
@@ -501,3 +501,70 @@
          that this factor changes for each :mod:`dbm` submodule.
 
       .. versionadded:: next
+
+
+.. _dbm-commandline:
+.. program:: dbm
-.. program:: dbm
-.. program:: dbm
+
+Command-line interface
+----------------------
+
+.. module:: dbm.__main__
+    :synopsis: A command-line interface for DBM database operations.
+
+**Source code:** :source:`Lib/dbm/__main__.py`
+
+--------------
+
+The :mod:`dbm` module can be invoked as a script via ``python -m dbm``
+to identify, examine, and reorganize DBM database files.
+
+Command-line options
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. option:: --whichdb file [file ...]
-
-.. option:: --whichdb file [file ...]
+
+.. program:: dbm
+
+.. option:: --whichdb file [file ...]
-
-.. option:: --whichdb file [file ...]
+
+.. program:: dbm
+
+.. option:: --whichdb file [file ...]
+
+   Identify the database type for one or more database files:
+
+   .. code-block:: shell-session
+
+      $ python -m dbm --whichdb *.db
+      dbm.gnu - database1.db
+      dbm.sqlite3 - database2.db
+      UNKNOWN - corrupted.db
+
+   This command uses the :func:`whichdb` function to determine the type
+   of each database file. Files that cannot be identified are marked as
+   ``UNKNOWN``.
+
+.. option:: --dump file
+
+   Display the contents of a database file:
+
+   .. code-block:: shell-session
+
+      $ python -m dbm --dump mydb.db
+      username: john_doe
+      email: john@example.com
+      last_login: 2024-01-15
+
+   Keys and values are displayed in ``key: value`` format. Binary data
+   is decoded using UTF-8 with error replacement for display purposes.
+
+.. option:: --reorganize file
+
+   Reorganize and compact a database file to reduce disk space:
+
+   .. code-block:: shell-session
+
+      $ python -m dbm --reorganize mydb.db
+      Reorganized database 'mydb.db'
+
+   This operation uses the database's native :meth:`!reorganize` method
+   when available (:mod:`dbm.sqlite3`, :mod:`dbm.gnu`, :mod:`dbm.dumb`).
+   For database types that don't support reorganization, an error message
+   is displayed.
+
+.. option:: -h, --help
+
+   Show the help message.
-
-.. option:: -h, --help
-
-   Show the help message.
-
-.. option:: -h, --help
-
-   Show the help message.
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 import io
 import os
 import struct
-import sys
 
 
 class error(Exception):
@@ -187,8 +186,3 @@ def whichdb(filename):
 
     # Unknown
     return ""
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
-        print(whichdb(filename) or "UNKNOWN", filename)
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import argparse
+import os
+import sys
+
+from . import open as dbm_open, whichdb, error
+
+
+def _whichdb_command(filenames):
+    exit_code = 0
+
+    for filename in filenames:
+        if os.path.exists(filename):
+            db_type = whichdb(filename)
+            print(f"{db_type or 'UNKNOWN'} {filename}")
+        else:
+            print(f"Error: File '{filename}' not found", file=sys.stderr)
+            exit_code = 1
+
+    return exit_code
+
+
+def _dump_command(filename):
+    try:
+        with dbm_open(filename, "r") as db:
+            for key in db:
+                print(f"{key!r}: {db[key]!r}")
+        return 0
+    except error:
+        print(f"Error: Database '{filename}' not found", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+
+def _reorganize_command(filename):
+    try:
+        with dbm_open(filename, "c") as db:
+            if db.hasattr("reorganize"):
+                db.reorganize()
+                print(f"Reorganized database: '{filename}'", file=sys.stderr)
+            else:
+                print("Database type doesn't support reorganize method",
+                      file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        return 0
+    except error:
+        print(f"Error: Database '{filename}' not found or cannot be opened",
+              file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="python -m dbm", description="DBM toolkit"
+    )
+    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
+    group.add_argument(
+        "--whichdb",
+        nargs="+",
+        metavar="file",
+        help="Identify database type for one or more files",
+    )
+    group.add_argument(
+        "--dump", metavar="file", help="Display database contents"
+    )
+    group.add_argument(
+        "--reorganize",
+        metavar="file",
+        help="Reorganize the database",
+    )
+    options = parser.parse_args()
+
+    try:
+        if options.whichdb:
+            return _whichdb_command(options.whichdb)
+        elif options.dump:
+            return _dump_command(options.dump)
+        elif options.reorganize:
+            return _reorganize_command(options.reorganize)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        return 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-"""Test script for the dbm.open function based on testdumbdbm.py"""
-
 import unittest
 import dbm
 import os
+
 from test.support import import_helper
 from test.support import os_helper
+from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure
 
 
 try:
@@ -309,6 +309,94 @@ def setUp(self):
         self.dbm = import_helper.import_fresh_module('dbm')
 
 
+class DBMCommandLineTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.addCleanup(cleaunup_test_dir)
+        setup_test_dir()
+        self.test_db = os.path.join(dirname, 'test.db')
+        with dbm.open(self.test_db, 'c') as db:
+            db[b'key1'] = b'value1'
+            db[b'key2'] = b'value2'
+        self.empty_db = os.path.join(dirname, 'empty.db')
+        with dbm.open(self.empty_db, 'c'):
+            pass
+        self.dbm = import_helper.import_fresh_module('dbm')
+
+    def run_cmd_ok(self, *args):
+        return assert_python_ok('-m', 'dbm', *args).out
+
+    def run_cmd_error(self, *args):
+        return assert_python_failure('-m', 'dbm', *args)
+
+    def test_help(self):
+        output = self.run_cmd_ok('-h')
+        self.assertIn(b'usage:', output)
+        self.assertIn(b'python -m dbm', output)
+        self.assertIn(b'--help', output)
+        self.assertIn(b'whichdb', output)
+        self.assertIn(b'dump', output)
+        self.assertIn(b'reorganize', output)
+
+    def test_whichdb_command(self):
+        output = self.run_cmd_ok('--whichdb', self.test_db)
+        self.assertIn(self.test_db.encode(), output)
+        output = self.run_cmd_ok('--whichdb', self.test_db, self.empty_db)
+        self.assertIn(self.test_db.encode(), output)
+        self.assertIn(self.empty_db.encode(), output)
+
+    def test_whichdb_nonexistent_file(self):
+        rc, _, stderr = self.run_cmd_error('--whichdb', "nonexistent_db")
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 1)
+        self.assertIn(b'not found', stderr)
+
+    def test_whichdb_unknown_format(self):
+        text_file = os.path.join(dirname, 'text.txt')
+        with open(text_file, 'w') as f:
+            f.write('This is not a database file')
+        output = self.run_cmd_ok('--whichdb', text_file)
+        self.assertIn(b'UNKNOWN', output)
+        self.assertIn(text_file.encode(), output)
+
+    def test_whichdb_output_format(self):
+        output = self.run_cmd_ok('--whichdb', self.test_db).decode()
+        self.assertIn(self.test_db, output)
+
+    def test_dump_command(self):
+        output = self.run_cmd_ok('--dump', self.test_db)
+        self.assertIn(b"b'key1': b'value1'", output)
+        self.assertIn(b"b'key2': b'value2'", output)
+
+    def test_dump_empty_database(self):
+        output = self.run_cmd_ok('--dump', self.empty_db)
+        self.assertEqual(output.strip(), b'')
+
+    def test_dump_nonexistent_database(self):
+        rc, _, stderr = self.run_cmd_error('--dump', "nonexistent_db")
+        self.assertEqual(rc, 1)
+        self.assertIn(b'not found', stderr)
+
+    def test_reorganize_command(self):
+        self.addCleanup(setattr, dbm, '_defaultmod', dbm._defaultmod)
+        for module in dbm_iterator():
+            setup_test_dir()
+            dbm._defaultmod = module
+            with module.open(_fname, 'c') as f:
+                f[b"1"] = b"1"
+            if hasattr(module, 'reorganize'):
+                with module.open(_fname, 'c') as db:
+                    output = self.run_cmd_ok('--reorganize', db)
+                    self.assertIn(b'Reorganized', output)
+
+    def test_output_format_consistency(self):
+        output = self.run_cmd_ok('--dump', self.test_db)
+        lines = output.decode().strip().split('\n')
+        for line in lines:
+            if line.strip():  # Skip empty lines
+                self.assertIn(':', line)
+                parts = line.split(':', 1)
+                self.assertEqual(len(parts), 2)
+
 for mod in dbm_iterator():
     assert mod.__name__.startswith('dbm.')
     suffix = mod.__name__[4:]