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Polymorphism of Plasmodium Falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase and Dihydropteroate Synthase Genes among Pregnant Women with Falciparum Malaria in Banjar District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia Fitriah, Fitriah; Sulistyawati, Sriwijayanti; Riyanto, Sugeng; Budiono, Budiono; Basuki, Sukmawati; Dachlan, Yoes P; Uemura, Haruki
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 2, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Pregnant women are highly vulnerable to malaria infection in its endemic areas, particularly infection by Plasmodium falciparum that can cause premature, low birth weight, severe anemia in pregnant women, and death. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for Intermittent Preventive Treatment for pregnant (IPTp) is used for malaria control in pregnancy recommended by the World Health Organization that has already been implemented in Africa. The P. falciparum resistance to SP has been reported in several malarial endemic areas, and mutations in the genes of Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase (Pfdhfr) and Dihydropteroate Synthase (Pfdhps) are shown to be associated with parasite resistance to SP treatment. Genetic analysis of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes in pregnant women infected with P. falciparum has not yet been examined in Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted at two subdistricts, Sungai Pinang and Peramasan, in Banjar district of South Kalimantan Province, where 127 pregnant women were recruited from 2008 to April 2010. Two important mutations in Pfdhfr gene (amino acid positions at N51 and S108) and three in Pfdhps gene (A437, K540 and A581) were analyzed by nested PCR-RFLP method. All of the seven pregnant women samples infected with P. falciparum presented PfDHFR 108N and PfDHPS 437G mutations. One of the samples had the additional mutation at PfDHPS 540, in which Lys is substituted by Glu. These results suggested that P. falciparum might present only some resistance to SP at Sungai Pinang and Peramasan subdistricts, Banjar District, South Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Although there were limited number of samples, this study showed only few mutations of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes in P. falciparum at Banjar district, South Kalimantan Province, that suggests SP might be effective for IPTp in this area. Thus, further analysis of the other mutation sites in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes and in vivo efficacy study of SP with more sufficient sample numbers will be necessary to confirm this preliminarily result.Keywords: PfDHFR and PfDHPS genes, Pregnant women, Falciparum malaria

Ekspresi mRNA Interleukin-10 (IL-10) dalam Kaitannya dengan Patogenesis Malaria Berat Pada Mencit Strain BALB/C yang Diinfeksi Plasmodium yoelli 17XL Sri Wijayanti Sulistyawati; Sukmawati Basuki; Yoes Prijatna Dachlan
Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana Vol. 20 No. 3 (2018): JURNAL BIOSAINS PASCASARJANA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakPatogenesis malaria berat masih belum diketahui menyeluruh. Episode malaria berat dapat disebabkan oleh dua keadaan, produksi tinggi pada fase awal IL-10 dan atau kurangnya produksi IL-10 pada fase transisi. Peran IL-10 pada malaria masih belum jelas diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ekspresi IL-10 dalam kaitannya dengan patogenesis malaria berat pada mencit strain BALB/c yang diinfeksi P. yoelii 17XL.Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan “post test only control group design” dilakukan, dan menggunakan 24 mencit strain BALB/c, betina, usia 7-8 minggu, yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Mencit BALB/c diinfeksi secara intraperitoneal dengan 1x105 P. yoelii 17XL, dan dikorbankan pada hari ke-3 dan ke-6 pasca infeksi. Parasitemia dan kadar hemoglobin diperiksa setiap hari. Jaringan limpa diambil untuk isolasi RNA. Ekspresi mRNA IL-10, TNFα, dan IFNγ dianalisis dengan RT-PCR. Mencit BALB/c dinfeksi dengan 1x105 P. yoelii 17XL menunjukan infeksi letal, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan parasitemia sejalan dengan penurunan kadar hemoglobin, terjadi setelah hari ke-3 pasca infeksi. Ekspresi mRNA IL-10, begitu pula dengan TNFα dan IFNγ pada hari ke-3 paska infeksi menunjukan peningkatan dibandingkan pada kontrol dan hari ke-6 paska infeksi. Tidak adanya ekspresi IL-10 pada H6, menunjukkan kemungkinan adanya kegagalan regulator mengontrol malaria berat pada infeksi P. yoelii 17XL pada mencit BALB/c. Kata kunci— mRNA IL-10, RT-PCR, patogenesis malaria berat, mencit BALB/c yang diinfeksi P. yoelii 17XL

The Comparison of Giardia lamblia Infection and Nutritional Status of Elementary School Students in Mandangin Island, Sampang and Mojo Village, Surabaya, Indonesia Zaidan Arifiansyah Bachtiar; Amalia Putri Uswatun Hasanah; Muhammad Yasin; Rahmadany Isyaputri; Budiono Budiono; Sukmawati Basuki
Biomolecular and Health Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Biomolecular and Health Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bhsj.v3i2.22406

Introduction: Giardia lamblia infection can cause impaired absorption of nutrientsand affects to the nutritional status that has not yet fully investigated in Indonesia.This study aimed to investigate the comparison of prevalence of Giardia lambliainfection and nutritional status of elementary students in Mandangin island and Mojovillage where were different condition.Methods: An analytical observational study with cross sectional design wasconducted in Mandangin island in July 2017 and Mojo village in June 2018 byinformed consent. Stools of elementary students were collected for Giardia lambliaidentification under a light microscope using direct smear method. Nutritional statusof students were determined by body mass index (BMI), and categorized as severeunderweight, underweight, healthyweight, overweight, and obese.Results: Forty-five stools samples were collected from elementary students inMandangin island and 55 stools samples in Mojo village. Prevalence of Giardialamblia infection without symptoms was higher in elementary students in Mandanginisland than Mojo village (28,9%, 13/45 and 1,8%, 1/55, respectively). Giardiasisprevalence in Mandangin island was significantly difference with Mojo village(p<0.0001, chi square-test). Nutritional status of students in both study sites showeddominant healthy-weight that were 73.3% (34/55) in Mandangin island and 61.8%(33/45) in Mojo village. Giardiasis was commonly observed in students with healthy-weight and it was higher in Mandangin island (8/33, 24.2%) than Mojo village (1/34,2.9%).Conclusion: Asymptomatic giardiasis was highly found in elementary students inMandangin island and commonly observed in students with healthy-weight from both 3 regions. It suggested that asymptomatic giardiasis might not affect to the nutrition status of students.

Profil Indeks Larva pada Delapan Wilayah Puskesmas di Surabaya LYNDA ROSSYANTI; DWI SUSANTI; IVAN RAHMATULLAH; DWI PENI KARTIKASARI; SUKMAWATI BASUKI; HENY ARWATI; INDAH TANTULAR; SUHINTAM PUSARAWATI; HERU PRASETYO; SRI HIDAJATI; SUBAGYO YOTOPRANOTO; SRI WIJAYANTI SULISTYAWATI
HANG TUAH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 17 No 2 (2020): Hang Tuah Medical Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

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ABSTRACT Background : Dengue virus infection is still a health problem in Surabaya. On 2015 Insidence Rate (IR) for Surabaya is 22.50 and the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) is 2%. This figure has decreased compared to 2014, but has not met the target achievement indicator for the P2DBD target CFR <1%. Method : The study was conducted in the rainy season, May 2015 in several Puskesmas areas in Surabaya. Samples were randomly selected as many as 378 houses spread in eight health centers (Pegirian, Krembangan Selatan, Hamlet Wall, Tambak Rejo, Putat Jaya, Simomulyo, Sawahan and Tanahkali Kedinding). The larvae survey was conducted using the single larva method. Larvae were taken from breeding sites and stored in specimen bottles for species identification at the Parasitology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga. Result : The highest House Index (HI) was obtained (60.46%) or the 39.54% larvae free rate in Simomulyo and the lowest HI (33.33%) or 66.67% ABJ in Pegirian Puskesmas. Larvae species identification showed 100% was Aedes aegypti. The high HI value at the Simomulyo Health Center is not in line with the number of cases of dengue virus infection in 2015 which was 4 cases. Whereas in Pegirian Health Center with the lowest HI value found 11 cases. Discussion : These results could be due to the possibility because the study did not calculate larval density and high population mobility in the area.

Polymorphism of Plasmodium Falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase and Dihydropteroate Synthase Genes among Pregnant Women with Falciparum Malaria in Banjar District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia Fitriah Fitriah; Sriwijayanti Sulistyawati; Sugeng Riyanto; Budiono Budiono; Sukmawati Basuki; Yoes P Dachlan; Haruki Uemura
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Pregnant women are highly vulnerable to malaria infection in its endemic areas, particularly infection by Plasmodium falciparum that can cause premature, low birth weight, severe anemia in pregnant women, and death. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for Intermittent Preventive Treatment for pregnant (IPTp) is used for malaria control in pregnancy recommended by the World Health Organization that has already been implemented in Africa. The P. falciparum resistance to SP has been reported in several malarial endemic areas, and mutations in the genes of Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase (Pfdhfr) and Dihydropteroate Synthase (Pfdhps) are shown to be associated with parasite resistance to SP treatment. Genetic analysis of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes in pregnant women infected with P. falciparum has not yet been examined in Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted at two subdistricts, Sungai Pinang and Peramasan, in Banjar district of South Kalimantan Province, where 127 pregnant women were recruited from 2008 to April 2010. Two important mutations in Pfdhfr gene (amino acid positions at N51 and S108) and three in Pfdhps gene (A437, K540 and A581) were analyzed by nested PCR-RFLP method. All of the seven pregnant women samples infected with P. falciparum presented PfDHFR 108N and PfDHPS 437G mutations. One of the samples had the additional mutation at PfDHPS 540, in which Lys is substituted by Glu. These results suggested that P. falciparum might present only some resistance to SP at Sungai Pinang and Peramasan subdistricts, Banjar District, South Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Although there were limited number of samples, this study showed only few mutations of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes in P. falciparum at Banjar district, South Kalimantan Province, that suggests SP might be effective for IPTp in this area. Thus, further analysis of the other mutation sites in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes and in vivo efficacy study of SP with more sufficient sample numbers will be necessary to confirm this preliminarily result.Keywords: PfDHFR and PfDHPS genes, Pregnant women, Falciparum malaria

EMPOWERMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA THROUGH ONLINE GATHERING Nur Rochmah; Sukmawati Basuki; Fatimah Arief; Muhammad Faizi; Faisal Faisal; Juniastuti Juniastuti; Herman Kosasih
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dalam Kesehatan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): OCTOBER 2022
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jpmk.v4i2.37884

Introduction: In the COVID-19 pandemic, social restriction and lock-down policies were implemented. It has far-reaching implications in many sectors of life including health, particularly in patients with chronic diseases, one of which is Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The purpose of this community service in the form of online gathering is to facilitate patients to ask questions and consult with pediatricians, due to the limitations of patients to consult directly due to the pandemic. Methods: Community service is conducted online for T1DM patients or their relatives on Sunday, September 26, 2021, from 12.00 - 13.30 WIB. The Community service was divided into several stages, including before, during, and after the online gathering.Â The T1DM patients or their relatives are participants in this community services. The topic are types of Diabetes Mellitus, clinical presentation, disease progression, the diagnostic process, and its management therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Results: The community service was attended by 54 parents of T1DM patient. The online gathering goes smoothly, without being constrained by something. During the online gathering, subjects actively participate in every session during the online gathering. Several questions were asked by the participants and answered well by the speakers. Conclusion: This community services activities allow participant to be able to ask question about their problem according to diabetes mellitus. Participants can consult online with pediatricians. This online gathering has a limited time, so participants can be divided into several breakout rooms with several accompanying pediatricians, so that the QnA session can be done optimally.

Distribution of Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) Gene Mutational Variation And Acetylcholinesterase-1 (ACE-1) as A Marker For Insecticide Resistance In Culex spp. Mosquitoes In Surabaya Muhammad Akbar Panjinegara; Sukmawati Basuki; Dominicus Husada; Suhintam Pusarawati
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Vol. 5 No. 02 (2024): Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains
Publisher : CV. Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i02.963

Culex spp. is a vector for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and filariasis in Indonesia. JE is caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV). JEV attacks the central nervous system and causes inflammation of the brain, lifelong disability, and even death. Filariasis is a chronic infectious disease that can cause permanent disability. Transmission of JE and filariasis can increase due to the density of Culex spp mosquitoes. The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution of mutation variations in the Voltage Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) and acetylcholinesterase-1 (ace-1) genes in Culex spp. mosquitoes in Surabaya. Mutation variations of the VGSC Culex spp. gene show that there are three genotypes, namely wildtype (LL), heterozygous (LS, FS), and homozygous (FF, SS). Heterozygous (FS) and homozygous (FF, FS) genotypes caused by point mutations in codon 1014 of the VGSC gene are found in the Culex spp. mosquito population in Surabaya. Heterozygous (LF) genotype was not detected in the Culex spp. mosquito population in Surabaya. Another study in Nigeria showed that homozygous/FF genotypes (45.1%) were more prevalent than heterozygotes/LF (36.3%) and wildtypes/LL (18.6%).

Pneumoascariasis: Ascaris Worm Infestation in the Lungs Antonio Ayrton Widiastara; Esmeraldito Ferreira; Sukmawati Basuki
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v10-I.1.2024.69-75

Pneumoascariasis is an infestation from one of the most common worms or helminths found on earth in the respiratory system. The worm is called Ascaris lumbricoides, which penetrates and infests the human body through the fecal-oral process. The fertilized Ascaris ova, or simply egg, would develop into larvae, which then move to the liver and lungs through the portal vein system. These larvae will soon develop into mature worms in the human respiratory system, inside the lungs, particularly in the bronchioles. These Ascaris larvae trigger common symptoms such as persistent cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. To diagnose this condition, supplementary examinations are necessary since it is difficult to diagnose only by history taking and some physical exams. Additional exams include chest X-rays that, at one point, display lung infiltration. The chest computed tomography (CT) scan shows ground-glass opacity and a classic inflammation marker called Charcot-Leyden crystals that are most likely present. Pneumoascariasis is often misinterpreted and misdiagnosed. Therefore, this literature review was made to further understand about pneumoascariasis.

BLASTOCYSTIS AND OTHER INTESTINAL PARASITES INFECTIONS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN DUKUH VILLAGE, KARANGASEM DISTRICT, BALI Diarthini, Ni Luh Putu Eka; Swastika, I Kadek; Ariwati, Luh; Isyaputri, Rahmadany; Fitri N, Moh. Yasin; Hidajati, Sri; Basuki, Sukmawati
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Blastocystis spp. is the most common enteric parasitic infection found in several community surveys from developing countries. Blastocystis infections may cause gastrointestinal symptoms, but also cause extraintestinal symptoms such as urticaria and joint pain. Blastocystis infection can also be asymptomatic or a carrier. However, the prevalence of Blastocystis infection in children has not yet been fully investigated in Indonesia, particularly in Bali Province. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis and other intestinal parasites in elementary school children stools in Dukuh village, Karangasem regency. A cross sectional study was conducted in September 2016. A total of 103 school children stools were collected by informed consent and parasites were examined by microscopy with wet mounts method using Lugol's iodine solution. Thirty-five school children were infected with Blastocystis spp. (35/103, 34%) that consisted of a single infection (29/35, 82.9%) and mix infection with other parasites (6/35, 17.1%). The mix infections were Blastocystis spp. and hookworm infection (1/6, 16.7%), Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba coli (1/6, 16.7%), Blastocystis spp. and Giardia lamblia (2/6, 33.3%), Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica/ Entamoeba dispar (1/6, 16.7%) and Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica/ Entamoeba dispar and Giardia lamblia (1/6, 16.7%). The vacuolar forms of Blastocystis were dominantly found, in which was non-infectious form, whereas the infectious form is the cyst form and Blastocystis density was observed less than 5 cells per field of view at 400 magnification in all cases. This study concluded that the high prevalence of Blastocystis infection in elementary school children in Dukuh Village, Karangasem District, Bali that were dominantly single infections and several mix infections with other intestinal parasites. The high prevalence of Blastocystis infection in elementary school children suggested that it needs proper prevention measures for the children in this study area.

PREVALENCE OF SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS AMONG ELEMENTARY CHILDREN IN SORONG DISTRICT, WEST PAPUA Yuwono, Natalia; Husada, Dominicus; Basuki, Sukmawati
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Soil transmitted helminthiasis are common in the world and cause illness, especially in developing countries. It can cause infection in humans by contact with parasitic eggs or larvae that live in moist and warm soil. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is often caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. In Indonesia, Soil transmitted helminthiasis prevalence is still high in some places. The tropical climate and high humidity support for the development of worms like in Sorong District, but there was no data. The purpose of this study is to identify the presece of Soil transmitted helminthiasis in primary school children in Sorong District. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two elementary schools located in Sorong District, West Papua, Indonesia. The two elementary schools are SDN 22 in Klain village and SD Inpres 24 in sub-district Mayamuk. Once collected, the pot that has contained stool is given formalin 10%. Stool examinattion using direct smear method to determine the presence of soil transmitted helminthiasis. Researchers get the subject as many as 147 children. The proportion of elementary school children by sex consists of 72 boys (49%) and 75 girls (51%). The prevalence of Soil transmitted helminthiasis as a whole was 30.6% (45/147) with 40.1% (18/45) single infections and 59.9% (27/45) mixed infections. The single infection that most frequent is Trichuris trichiura, then followed by Ascaris lumbricoides. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis mostly found in girl than boy and mostly found in 6-9 years age group. The worm species that infect elementary school children in the district is Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis. This is probably related with the climate and low sanitation level. To eliminate soil transmitted helminthiasis among elementary school children, in addition to routine treatment also needs intensive counseling about the importance of maintaining personal hygiene and the environment.

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