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FORMULASI TABLET HISAP CAMPURAN EKSTRAK RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) dan KENCUR (Kaempferia galanga L) MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI BAHAN PENGISI MANITOL – MALTODEXTRIN Widodo Ndaru Prasetyo; Mufrod Mufrod
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 20, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Campuran rimpang temulawak dan kencur sering digunakan sebagai penambah nafsu makan.Namun bentuk sediaan yang selama ini digunakan kurang praktis dan tidak stabil dalam penyimpanan. Oleh karena itu perlu dibuat sediaan tablet hisap yang lebih praktis dan acceptable. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi bahan pengisi manitolmaltodextrin terhadap sifat fisik granul, sifat fisik tablet dan rasa tablet.Ekstrak temulawak dan kencur dibuat dengan metode perkolasi menggunakan etanol 70%, kemudian digranul dengan metode granulasi basah, dibuat menjaditiga formuladengan kombinasi bahan pengisi manitol-maltodekstrin (100:0, 85:15, 70:30). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi bahan pengisi manitol-maltodextrin berpengaruh terhadap waktu alir, kompaktibilitas pada sifat fisik granul, dan sifat fisik tablet hisap, kecuali pada uji penampilan. Hasil uji tanggap rasa menunjukkan bahwa responden merasakan formula I asam, sedangkan formula II dan III menunjukkan rasa pahit.

PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP STABILITAS FISIK DAN KIMIA LOTION PENUMBUH RAMBUT EKSTRAK BIJI KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccana L. Willd.) Anas Putro Senu Prasojo; Sri Mulyani; Mufrod Mufrod
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 17, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Etanolic extract 70% of candlenut which has 5% concentration have been reported to have hair restoring activity. This study aims to investigate the effect of length storage on physical stability and flavonoid content of hair restoring lotion candlenut extract so that produce an acceptable form. Lotion were made in variation of xanthan gum concentration 0.5%; 1%; 1.5%. Flavonoid content were measured by densitometry. Observation result of physical stability such as latched power, viscosity test, and flavonoid content were statistically analyzed. Result of formula orientation showed that lotion which has 1% concentration of xanthan gum was the best which has latched power less than 1 second, viscosity increased weekly, and segregation was not occur. Type of emulsion result was o/w. Densitometry result showed that there were decrease of relative flavonoid ontent before and after storage, but it was not significant (α = 0.58).

PENGARUH PENINGKATAN KONSENTRASI PATI BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.) SEBAGAI PENGIKAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK GRANUL DAN TABLET EKSTRAK AKAR ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica Linn.) Dyah Hana Kartika; Mutmainah Mutmainah; Mufrod Mufrod
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 17, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This research aims to determine the effect of avocado seed starch as a binder to the physical characteristics of the granule that is flow rate, angle of repose and moisture content as well as to the physical characteristics of tablets that is uniformity of weight, hardness, friability and disintegration time. Root of Imperata cylindrical (Linn.) extract was obtained by remaceration process usingethanol 70 % as a solvent. Tablets were made by wet granulation method with increase the avocado seed starch concentration as binder tablet (FI: 10 %, FII: 20 %, and FIII: 30 %) then the physical characteristics of granule and tablets were tested. Data were analyzed theoretically by comparing toliterature and statisticaly using one way ANOVA with a level of confidence up to 95 %, followed by Scheffe test. The results showed that the granule’s flow rate andangle of repose decrease byincreasing of avocado seed starch concentrations as a binder, while will increase the moist content of granules. Increasing of avocado seed starch concentration as a binder will increase the hardness and disintegration time of tablets as well, while friability of tablets are decrease and weight of tablets are more uniform.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN KEPEL (Stelechocarpus burahol (BL) Hook f. & Th.) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN SIFAT FISIK SEDIAAN KRIM Anita Oktaviani Suwandi; Suwidjiyo Pramono; Mufrod Mufrod
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 17, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This research was aimed to determine the effect of concentrations of Kepel leaves’ (Stelechocarpus burahol (BL) Hook f. & Th.)extract to antioxidant activity and physical properties of cream. Kepel leaves’ extract were made by infundation method. The antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method. Cream was made in three formulas with variation concentrations of Kepel leaves’ extract (2,5; 5,0; 7,5%b/b) using w/o basis. Physical stability parameters tested in this research were homogenity, dispersive power, adhesion, and viscosity. Data were then analyzed statistically by ANOVA One Way and Turkey Test at 95% level of significance. The results showed that concentration of Kepel leaves’ extract as an active ingredient cause different color, odor, and viscosity of the cream. The concentrationdifference of Kepel Leaves’ extract as an active ingredient was not affected the homogenity, adhesion, and the separation ratio of the cream. The difference concentration was not cause affected daya sebar cream unless the formula II (5.0% w/w) and formula III (7.5% w/w). Increasing concentration of Kepel leaves’ extract caused a different antioxidant activity unless the formula II (5.0% w/w) and formula III (7.5% w/w).

OPTIMASI FORMULA TABLET HISAP EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga (L.) Stuntz) DENGAN KOMBINASI BAHAN PEMANIS MANITOL DAN SUKROSA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN Duhita Aufiya; Suwijiyo Pramono; Mufrod Mufrod
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 17, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Stuntz) has many benefits for the health. Galangal is used as a tonic traditionally, but the dose is unknown, so it is necessary to be formulated. Lozenges was selected for the formulation of galangal because its practical and comfortable form. Taste is an important parameter for the lozenges so a mixture of mannitol and sucrose are used in this formulation. This research aims to optimize the lozenges formulation using a mixture of mannitol and sucrose with Simplex Lattice Design method. Galangal rhizome was extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol. Lozenges were made in three formulas, Formula A (100%: 0%), Formula B (50%: 50%), and Formula C (0%: 100%) with SLD in wet granulation method. Granule mass was sieved through the sieve no. 10 and dried in an oven at 60°C, then dried granule was mixed homogeneously with magnesium stearate-talk and tested for its physical properties include flow rate and compactibility. The granule was compressed into tablets and tested for its physical properties, including weight uniformity, hardness, friability, dissolving time, and tasting test. The data which was obtained were used to create a profile of physical properties of the granule and the taste of the tablet. Optimum formula was selected based on the highest total response. The tablet was created based on the optimum formula and tested physical properties of granule and tablets. The data was obtained and compared theoritically and statistically using the T-Test. The result showed that optimum formula of galangal rhizome extract lozenges is a formula with ratio 25% maintol : 75% sucrose. The optimum formula of the flow rate and granule compactibility and significantly different between verification and SLD calculations, while the dissolved time and the respon of tablets flavor are not significantly different. The dominant composition of sucrose can increase granule's compactibility response, dissolving time, and tasting test of lozenges, lowering the response speed of the flow of granules.

FORMULASI TABLET HISAP EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.) YANG MENGANDUNG FLAVONOID DENGAN KOMBINASI BAHAN PENGISI MANITOL-SUKROSA Yohanes Juliantoni; Mufrod Mufrod
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 18, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Flavonoid compounds found on the leaves of the guava are known to have an antibacterial activity. The aim of this study is to formulate an acceptable guava leaf extract preparations. Extract of guava leaves was formulated into several dosages of lozenges in combination with fillers manitol-sucrose. A Simple method of Lattice Design was used to know the influence of the combination physical properties of granule and lozenges and also predicting which formula is optimal. The extract was made by maceration of simplisia using ethanol 70%, thickened and then dried using the tool freeze dryer. The lozenges was created in 5 formula based on a combination of sucrose: manitol, F1 (0%: 100%); F2 (25% 75%); F3 (50%: 50%); F4 (75%: 25%); F5: 25% (75%) using a 5% aqueous gelatin as a binder. The dried granule then mixed with a lubricant and tested for the properties such as free flowing. The resulting lozenges were tested of its uniformity of weight, hardness tested tablets, fragility and responses to the taste. Simple lattice equation design and optimum formula predicted using Design software Expert version 8.0.5.2. Changes in the proportion of sucrose-manitol combinations affect the physical properties of granule and lozenges. Based on an analysis using the Design software Expert version 8.0.5.2, the optimal formula is given by a combination of manitol-sucrose 82,28%: 17.72%.

FORMULASI TABLET EFFERVESCENT EKSTRAK RIMPANG JAHE EMPRIT (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) DENGAN VARIASI KADAR ASAM SITRAT DAN ASAM TARTRAT Mufrod Mufrod; Sekararum Diah Kartikasari; Yosi Bayu Murti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 20, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) has efficacy as an anti-emetic. Ginger rhizome is usually consumed as instant beverages, so that need to be made into a dosage form that more effective, efficient and attractive. This research aims to formulate ginger into effervescent tablets by using variation of the levels of citric acid and tartaric acid. Dried extract of ginger was made with percolation method using ethanol 70% and evaporated using spray dryer. Extract was made for 5 formulas with variation of acid source using smelting method. Granules were tested its physical properties include flow time, tap index, angle of repose, water absorption, compactibility, mass density, water content, and total phenolic level. Granules were compressed become tablets and tested for physical properties include weight uniformity, friability, hardness, dissolve time, flavor response test and total phenolic level. Data were analyzed with Anova One Way using 95% confidence level. The result shown that formula III was the best formula because it meets the physical requirements of granules and tablets. While the formula V (100% tartaric acid) was a formula that provides the greatest stability phenolic levels.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN KRIM EKSTRAK SARI TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Alissya Swastika NSP; Mufrod Mufrod; Purwanto Purwanto
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 18, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Premature aging skin condition characterized by dry, scaly, rough and accompanied by the appearance of wrinkles and dark spots or blemishes has become to be a women fearing thing, especially among women in reproductive age. Factors causing premature aging are internal factors (health, stamina, stress and hormonal changes) and external factors (free radicals, sunlight and pollutants). Free radicals can be prevented by antioxidant compounds either synthetic or natural materials. Tomato is one of the natural antioxidants. The most antioxidant content in tomato is lycopene. Tomato is used in the form of tomato juice made by extraction method. Tomato in their use directly is less effective so that tomato is made in the form of cream. Cream compositions were made by variation concentration of tomato juice (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. Physical stability parameters tested in this research were homogenity, viscosity, dispersive power, adhesion, cream separation ratio and pH. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one way ANOVA test and Tukey test. Organoleptic test data, the physical properties of the cream, and the type of emulsion were analyzed descriptively .The results showed that tomato juice has antioxidant activity with IC50 value 2,69%. The increase in the concentration of tomato juice gave significantly different results in all formulas except the formulas III and IV that were not significantly different. The IC50 values cream of tomato juice were 9,12%; 708%; 3,61%; and 2,85% respectively for the cream with tomato extract concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. This showed that the higher the concentration of tomato juice, the higher the antioxidant activity as indicated by the lower of IC50 value. The increase in the concentration of tomato juice as active ingredients provided significantly different results for difference antioxidant activity, color, and smell, but did not cause significant differences in the consistency, viscosity, dispersive power, time and pH.

OPTIMASI KOMPOSISI SUKROSA DAN ASPARTAM SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMANIS PADA FORMULA TABLET-EFFERVESCENT EKSTRAK ETANOLIK BUAH MENGKUDU Galih Pratiwi; Triana Hertiani; Mufrod Mufrod
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 16, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) has been widely used as traditional medicine. Its unpleasant smell and flavor urge a more acceptable dosage formulation. The aim of this research was to optimize the composition of sucrose and aspartame as sweetening agent in effervescent tablet formulation by using Simplex Lattice Design method. Effervescent tablets were produced by fusion method in five (5) different formulas, i.e. formula I (100% sucrose), II (suucrose-aspartame=75%:25%), III (sucrose-aspartame=50%:50%), IV (sucrose-aspartame=25%:75) dan V (100% aspartame). Effervescent granules were evaluated for mass density, flowing time, tapping index and compactibility characteristics. The effervescent tablets were tested for weight uniformity, hardness, friability, and disintegration time characteristics as well as TLC profile chromatogram. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA, Scheffe method and Kruskall-Wallis with significance level 95%. The tablet acceptability was tested among 30 respondents. The results showed that the different composition of sucrose-aspartame influence the physical characteristics of granules and tablets effervescent produced. More sucrose content will increase the hardness, lower the friability but prolong the disintegration time. 70% respondents chose formula III as the best formula. Evaluation of SLD data recommended sucrose and aspartame in 42:58 proportion as the most optimum formula.

PATCH EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.): EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI, PROFIL PELEPASAN EUGENOL dan TOLERANSI LOKAL Mufrod Mufrod; Suwaldi Suwaldi; Subagus Wahyuono
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 21, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Piper betle leaf in extract form is more effective than crude drug. Eugenol is a component in the extract that has antibacterial activity but irritate. Patch of piper betle leaf extract was used on the mucosa to make oral cavity hygiene. Antibacterial activity was influenced by the release of eugenol from the patch. Release enhancer substances (RES) such as glycerin, propylen glicol and tween 80 were added in patch formulation to increase the release of active substances. The aim of the research was to investigate the physicochemical properties, eugenol release profiles, and local tolerance test of the patch. Extract of piper betle leaf was made using infundation method. Patch was made according to the variation concentration of extract (1, 2 and 4%) and RES (glycerine, propylen glycol and tween 80) using chitosan as vehicle. Patch produced solvent casting method. Patch obtained was tested for swelling index, folding endurance, surface pH, antibacterial activity, release of eugenol, and local tolerance. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the addition of RES did not affect the surface pH but increase the water absorption with in inconsistent way except patch with tween 80. The flexibility (folding endurance value) increased, and the highest amount of eugenol released was achieved by patch using propylen glicol. Patch with tween 80 and glycerin for all extract concentration and patch with 1% extract concentration using propylen glycol showed medium sensation (local tolerance), and patch with 2 and 4% extract using propylen glycol showed severe sensation.

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