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PERILAKU PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DALAM MENANGANI LIMBAH TERNAK Khoiron, K
IKESMA Vol 8, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : FKM - UNEJ

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Abstract

Dairy farming has an important role in daily life of small holders, namelyto provide job opportunity and support the fullfillment of animal protein consumption. However, the waste of such farming could cause environmental pollution and a threat to human health. The study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the behavior of dairy farmers in Junrejo to handle the farm waste and their knowledge, attitude, and infrastructure availability. The study used cross sectional design. The data supporting the study were collected by means of a structured questionnaire, an observation sheet, and an indepth interview instruction.The Results showed that correlation exists between the variables studied and farmers behavior to handle farm waste, namely knowledge (correlation coefficient of 0,762), attitude (0,756), and infrastructure availability (0,727).
PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH PADA FASILITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN (STUDI DI UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS UNEJ MEDICAL CENTRE) Khoiron, Khoiron
IKESMA Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : FKM - UNEJ

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Abstract

Health-care waste includes all the waste generated by health-care establishments, research facilities, and laboratories. The waste produced by health-care providers are non-risk  (domestic waste) and risk  (infectious waste).   The waste produced in the course of health-care activities carries a higher potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. The study was conducted to explain the waste management in health care facility. The study is descriptive research  used cross sectional design. The Results showed that solids, liquids, and little gases waste are  produced by Technical Organizing Unit Unej Medical Centre. Solid waste treatment is operated by separation infectious and domestic waste, than they are  removed and combusted in incenerator at TPA Pakusari. Liquid waste treatment is operated by saptic tank. Keywords : Waste, Management, Health care fasility
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PERKOTAAN DI KOTA MALANG Khoiron, Khoiron
IKESMA Vol 6, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : FKM - UNEJ

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Abstract

Solid waste is important issue in urban area that is faced continously in line with increase number of residents and improvement of development activity. Every day 2-3 litres of solid waste is produced by everyone in urban area. Solid waste could cause environmental pollution and a threat to human health The purpose of this research is  describing and analyzing policy of local government in management of municipal waste wich comprised by; organization, accomplishment of infrastructures and human resources, regulations, programs and analyze barrier factors in implementation municipal waste management policy. This research is descriptive research by using qualitative method, during four months (September – December 2007) in region Malang City. The result of this research is the organization which manage municipal solid waste has operated concordant with regulations. Limited quantity and quality of human resources,  infrastructures (dust bin, transfer of depo, truck conveyor, heavy equipment and landfill area). Has not regulation about municipal solid waste management comprehensively. The main barrier factors of implementation municipal solid waste management are limited budget, limited infrastructure, low of awareness and participation of resident.   Keywords : policy analysis, municipal solid waste, management
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL TERHADAP KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA Khoiron, Khoiron
IKESMA Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : FKM - UNEJ

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Abstract

Climate change occurred in many areas in all over the world, have closely relationship with public health. The climate change brought damage for people’s live. Climate change caused by adding of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide). On the  other hands, people can cause increase of greenhouse gases. This paper  discusses relationship between climate change and public health, in the sense of climate change’s “contributions” to environment change, which leads to climate change and another way around the impact of climate change to the public health situation. Evidences from many regions show that climate change caused disasters and extreme weather. Disaster and extreme weather caused death, food scarcity, malnutrition, scarcity of fresh water, hence poor sanitation, change in vector prevalence, air pollution rises, and health risk with additional climate related disease burdens. On another side, some human cause climate change occurred through people’s practices of habbits  and behaviors that caused increasing of greenhouse gases. Their practices of  felling forest trees excessively and forest burning that caused deforestations, treatment of municipal waste with open dumping method, and used fossil energy excessively. Key words : impact, global climate change, public health
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP ODHA (ORANG DENGAN HIV DAN AIDS) TENTANG HIV DAN AIDS DAN PENCEGAHANNYA Rokhmah, Dewi; Khoiron, Khoiron
IKESMA Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : FKM - UNEJ

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Abstract

AIDS is spreading both in numbers and geographic area, it is revewed as a major public health threat and stategies are underway to increase AIDS awareness and knowledge among general public include from PLHA.In Indonesia, HIV/AIDS programmes still less in PLHA included, because of stigma and discrimination in society.Included PLHA in intervention planning, is the efective strategy in reducing stigma and discrimination and increasing commitment to change policy and supporting environment in HIV/AIDS programmes. The aims of this research is analizing knowledge and attitudes of PLHA about HIV/AIDS and its prevention.Thisresearch used descriptivemethod. The population is PLHA in Banyuwangi Regency, and affordable target is PLHA who visit and get service in VCT of Genteng Hospital in Juni-July 2012. Sample is collected with consecuttve sampling to all subject compleded collection criteria. Collected data was analyzed descriptively with table and naration.This research showed  that the amount of respondents was men, aged more than 30years, have married, and graduated from senior and junior high shcool, and as PLHA  since 1-5 years, with risk factors from heterosex without condom, IDU, infant from the mother and homosex (gay/lesbian).All of respondents have high knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its prevention efforts, consist of meaning, causes, transmission, prevention and terapy of HIV/AIDS. The numbers of respondents have positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and its prevention efforts, showed by statement supported to prevention behaviour of HIV/AIDS, specifically: faith to one partner, use condoms in sexual intercourse, check to health provider, and HIV/AIDS can spread and cause death.The increasing of knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS of PLHA and society is needed as involvement at HIV/AIDS prevention programme by behaviour change from risk to healthy behaviour in order to reduce stigma and discrimination in PLHA. Keywords : Attitudes, Knowledge, PLHA, HIV & AIDS
URGENSI PERUBAHAN IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN DALAM MENURUNKAN IMS, HIV DAN AIDS PADA KOMUNITAS LSL DI KABUPATEN JEMBER Dewi Rokhmah; Khoiron Khoiron
Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4: DESEMBER 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (239.682 KB) | DOI: 10.30597/mkmi.v11i4.524

Abstract

Program penanggulangan AIDS populasi LSL selama ini telah menerapkan berbagai metode untuk merubah perilaku yang berisiko tinggi. Namun prevalensi HIV pada populasi LSL tetap saja naik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi perubahan Stategi Kebijakan dalam MenurunkanIMS dan HIV dan AIDS pada Komunitas LSL Di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian gabungan antara kuantitatif secara survei analitik dengan kualitatif melalui indept interview. Survei dilakukan melalui purposive sampling pada 89 LSL, kemudian data dianalisa menggunakan regeresi logistic. Data kualitatif dianalisis secara tematic content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan Program PMTS melalui sosialisasi save sex pada komunitas LSL tidak efektif dalam menurunkan prevalensi IMS dan HIV dan AIDS. Terbukti penemuan kasus baru pada komunitas LSL cenderung naik baik dari sisi jumlah maupun usia yang semakin muda. Hal ini diperburuk dengan hasil indepth interview yang menunjukkan berbagai kendala dalam melalukan sosialisai safe sex pada komunitas LSL, yaitu alasan kenikmatan dan kenyamanan seksual, sehingga perilaku berisiko seperti bergonta ganti pasangan tanpa kondom masih banyak terjadi. Jadi pendekatan kebijakan safe sex melalui program PMTS tidak efektif menurunkan prevalensi IMS, HIV dan AIDS pada komunitas LSL di Kabupaten Jember.
Analysis of Government Budgeting for Health: Case Study of COVID-19 in East Java Province, Indonesia Dewi Rokhmah; Ricko Pratama Ridzkyanto; Khoiron Khoiron
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional Special Issue Volume 1, 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (328.085 KB) | DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v15i2.3986

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COVID-19 in Indonesia was first reported on March 2, 2020 with two cases, and the number has increased each day until April 23, 2020 and reached 7,775 positive cases of COVID-19. East Java Province ranks the third in Indonesia with 662 cases. COVID-19 requires a health financing system aimed for COVID-19 patients and hospital services. The study aimed to describe the amount of COVID-19 and the use of funds for COVID-19 in East Java Province. This study applied descriptive analytic method. Secondary data analysis used the COVID-19 fund data of 31 districts/cities in East Java Province from the Regional Development Agency of East Java Province in period of March 23 - April 23, 2020. The results showed that the total budget for COVID-19 in the province was worth IDR2,102,600,000,000 divided for Curative IDR727,654,880,535, Promotive Preventive IDR97,134,092,873, Social Safety Net IDR877,301,513,766 and Recovery IDR400,50,512,826. The total fund for COVID-19 per capita in the province was IDR1,997,139 divided for Curative IDR691,158, Promotive Preventive IDR92,262, Social Safety Net IDR 833,299 and Recovery IDR 380,421. According to districts/cities, the highest budgeting is Jember District, Surabaya City, and Gresik District. The highest per-capita funds, according to districts/cities, are Batu City, Jember District, and Trenggalek District.
Dampak Implementasi Kebijakan Penutupan Tempat Layanan Sosial Transisi untuk Pekerja Seks Komersial dan Penutupan Prostitusi terhadap Program Penanggulangan HIV AIDS di Kabupaten Jember Dewi Rokhmah; Khoiron Khoiron
Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Center for Health Policy and Management

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Abstract

Background: The Regency Decree Number. 188.45/39/012/ 2007 on “The Closing of the Transition Social Services Place of the Commercial Sex Worker and Prostitution Closure” in Jember district, has adverse impacts in the implementation of HIV/AIDS transmission prevention especially through sexual transmission. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of policy implementation of closing the transition social services place for the commercial sex workers and prostitution closure to the HIV/AIDS countermeasures program. Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic research using secondary data from the report of HIV/AIDS program in Jember Regency at 2012. Collected data is analyzed descriptively with table and narration. Result: The impacts of the Regency Decree on closing the transition social service place for the sex worker in Puger, Jember district include: 1) The prostitution closure and the transition social service place closure lead to increased and widespread of illegal sex worker in Jember district, 2) Health coaching and behavior change communication to the sex worker become harder to conduct, and 3) the number of HIV/ AIDS cases each year might be higher. In 2004, the number of HIV/AIDS cases is 1 and it increased annually until in 2012 when the cumulative amount cases of HIV/AIDS in Jember district reach 822. According to the data, the recorded case according to the highest risk factor is sexually transmitted through heterosexual transmission which is 685 cases (83.3 %). This suggests that the transmission occurred from the sex worker to the consumer and also from the consumer to the sex worker. The transmission to the housewives would also be increased, followed by the mother-to-baby transmission. Conclusion: Jember district Government needs to conduct an evaluation review of this closure regulation (the Regency Decree Number 188.45/39/012/2007). Latar Belakang: Kabupaten Keputusan No. 188.45/39/012/ 2007 mengenai Penutupan Tempat Layanan Sosial Transisi untuk Pekerja Seks Komersial dan Penutupan Pelacuran di Kabupaten Jember , memiliki dampak merugikan dalam pelaksanaan pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS terutama melalui transmisi seksual keberatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan Dampak transisi pelayanan sosial penutupan tempat untuk pekerja seks komersial dan penutupan prostitusi terhadap program penanggulangan HIV/AIDS. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitik menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan program HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Jember pada 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan tabel dan narasi. Hasil: Dampak dari Surat Keputusan Bupati pada penutupan transisi tempat pelayanan sosial untuk pekerja seks di Puger , Kabupaten Jember meliputi: 1) Penutupan prostitusi akan memimpin transisi tempat pelayanan sosial untuk pekerja seks ilegal untuk ditingkatkan dan lebih tersebar di kabupaten Jember, 2) pembinaan kesehatan dan perilaku perubahan komunikasi dengan pekerja seks menjadi lebih keras, dan 3) jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS setiap tahun mungkin lebih tinggi. Pada tahun 2004, jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS adalah 1 dan meningkat setiap tahun sampai tahun 2012 ketika kasus jumlah kumulatif HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Jember mencapai 822. Dengan data kasus menurut faktor risiko tertinggi, sebagian besar ditularkan melalui penularan heteroseksual yang adalah 685 kasus (83,3%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penularan terjadi dari pekerja seks ke konsumen dan juga dari konsumen untuk pekerja seks. Transmisi ke ibu rumah tangga juga akan meningkat, diikuti oleh penularan dari ibu ke bayi. Kesimpulan: Pemerintah Kabupaten Jember perlu melakukan kajian ulang dan evaluasi terkait Surat Keputusan Bupati Nomor. 188.45/39/012/2007 pada Transisi Pelayanan Sosial Tempat Penutupan untuk Pekerja Seks Komersial dan Penutupan Pelacuran di Kabupaten Jember yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya.
Pemanfaatan Eceng Gondok Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Merkuri (Hg) Limbah Cair Pada Pertambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI) The Use of Eichornia Crassipes to Reduce Mercury (Hg) Levels on Liquid Waste in Illegal Gold Mines Shelga Sapta Lahenda; Ellyke Ellyke; Khoiron Khoiron
Pustaka Kesehatan Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : UPT Percetakan dan Penerbitan Universitas Jember

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Abstract

Nowadays emerge event about global worried will have negative effect from highereconomic development to our environment that causes to develop of industry, one ofthem is Illegal Gold Mines industry. This industry very close with environment problembecause it outcomes is waste that consists of high metal, one of them contains mercury(Hg). The preliminary study was done in village sumberagung, pesanggaran,banyuwangi by first Hg value is 0,038 mg/L over environment quality reciprocal. Thealternative of waste processing was by using Eichornia crassipes. The purpose of thisresearch to know the differences of liquid waste Hg value before and after usingEichornia crassipes. This reserach experimental with True Eksperimental Design. Thisresearch have control group with treatment as reserach independent variable. Controlgroup is a group without using Eichornia crassipes, first group (X1) is a group that usingEichornia crassipes with weight 300 gr/L, second group (X2) is a group that usingEichornia crassipes with weight 400 gr/L, third group (X3) is a group that using Eichorniacrassipes with weight 500 gr/L. Analysis of the data using one way anova test. Thisresearch result with signifikasi 0,05, there is significant differences between that fourthexperiment group. The most effective to reduce Hg value is the third group treatment(X3) by using hyacinth with weight 500 gr/L.Keywords : Illegal Gold Mines, Eichornia crassipes, Mercury (Hg)
Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemanfaatan Jamban Di Kawasan Perkebunan Kopi (Analysis of Factors Associated with the Use of Toilets At Coffee Plantation Region) Fani Febri Anggoro; Khoiron Khoiron; Prehatin Trirahayu Ningrum
Pustaka Kesehatan Vol 3 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : UPT Percetakan dan Penerbitan Universitas Jember

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Abstract

The study of Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP) in 2006, showed that 47% of people still defecate in open areas. Sidomulyo Village is a coffee plantation area with poor environmental sanitation, which is 91.94% of the villagers still defecate in open areas. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the use of toilets, which are predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. This research is an analytical survey with cross sectional approach. Sampling by multistage random sampling, obtained samples of 70 householders. Data collecting is done by using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using chi square test at α=0.05. The results showed that there were significant relationships between income (pvalue= 0,004), knowledge (p-value=0,000), attitude (p-value=0,000), condition of toilets (pvalue= 0,001), and the availability of clean water (p-value=0,000) with the use of toilets. Meanwhile age (p-value=0.590), occupation (p-value=0.109), education (p-value=0.259), the support of health workers, religious leaders, community leaders, and family (pvalue= 0.400) showed that there were no significant relationships with the use of toilets. Keywords: The use of toilets, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factor