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Morphological Traits of Maluku Native Forest Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr & Perry) Mahulette, Asri Subkhan; Hariyadi, Hariyadi; Yahya, Sudirman; Wachjar, Ade; Alfian, Anggra
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 6 No 02 (2019): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

A study was conducted to study the morphology of the forest cloves groups based on their sizes of their leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, and to determine their potential yield and optimize their production system. The research was conducted for six months from January until June 2018 in Ambon, Maluku Province, Indonesia. The research used a random sampling technique to > 15-year-old trees in productive clove forest maintained by the local farmer in Ambon. The observation and recording was conducted at several stages of clover growth, namely bud sprouting, flower bud, blooming, perianths and anthers senescence, unripe green and ripe fruits. Different size groups of forest cloves have significant differences in the duration of flower and fruit formation. Forest cloves with large leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds had quicker ripening process than the othersize groups, but their fruits were longer to ripen. Flower from the medium size group had the shortest duration to develop its flower and form its fruit, whereas the smallest type took the longest time in fruit formation process but the duration of fruit ripening was similar to those from large morphology. Among the three different sizes of forest cloves in Maluku, the trees with large leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds group are the best to be commercially developed due to its earliest time to harvest and large flower sizes. Forest cloves are best harvested when the flowers are fully matured, indicated by one or two flower buds from one inflorescence have bloomed.

Morpho-Agronomical Diversity of Forest Clove in Moluccas, Indonesia Asri Subkhan Mahulette; Hariyadi Hariyadi; Sudirman Yahya; Ade Wachjar; Ilyas Marzuki
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 26 No. 4 (2019): October 2019
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Forest clove (Zyzygium aromaticum) is a type of wild clove found in Moluccas. The increasing interest of farmers in cultivating this plant leads to complete their information of morpho-agronomical characteristics which could provide diversity reflecting morpho-agronomical their distribution areas. This study aimed to characterize the morpho-agronomical traits of Forest clove plants in Moluccas. By survey, Forest clove more than 15 year old tree totalling of 50 populations were observed their 54 morpho-agronomical characteristics in two areas (Ambon and Seram) from March to June 2018. Two aromatic cloves, namely Tuni and Zanzibar were used for comparative analysis. The results showed that Forest cloves had a similarity of 78% among the population and grouped into 3 groups with a morpho-agronomical variation of 22%. On the contrary, Forest cloves and comparators (Tuni and Zanzibar) had morpho-agronomical differences of 58%. Based on the main component analysis, there were 11 most influential characters of Forest cloves (leaf size index, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, petiole length, flower length, diameter of flower tube, ripe flower weight, fruit length, fruit width, and fruit weight) which could be descriptors for this plant species.

Analisis Rantai Pasok Komoditas Cengkih Hutan di Maluku Esther Kembauw; Asri Subkhan Mahulette; Anna Yuliana Wattimena; Rein Estefanus Senewe
Journal of Agricultural Socio-Economics (JASE) Vol 2, No 2 (2021): Journal of Agricultural Socio-Economics (JASE)
Publisher : University of Islam Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/jase.v2i2.13083

The Maluku Islands are renowned as the world's clove origin. Maluku is home to one of the indigenous clove germplasms known as Forest cloves. Forest Cloves are wild-type cloves found on Ambon Island, Maluku. The study's objective was to conduct an analysis of the supply chain for forest clove commodities. The investigation was conducted in the villages of Hitulama, Hitumesing, and Pulau Seram in Maluku Province, as well as in the villages of Latu and Hualoi. Primary data were collected from a sample of 25 forest clove farmers. The data analysis reveals that several parties are involved in the supply chain of Maluku's forest clove commodities, including farmers/suppliers, village-level middlemen, large collectors in the Regency City and provincial capital, Ambon City, as well as large companies in Surabaya that use forest cloves as raw material. Efforts to conserve forest cloves must be made in order to expand local potential and farmers' revenue. As a result, the wealth of Forest clove germplasm in Maluku province can be increased.

Analisis Rantai Pasok Komoditas Cengkih Hutan di Maluku Esther Kembauw; Asri Subkhan Mahulette; Anna Yuliana Wattimena; Rein Estefanus Senewe
Journal of Agricultural Socio-Economics (JASE) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Journal of Agricultural Socio-Economics (JASE)
Publisher : University of Islam Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/jase.v2i2.13083

The Maluku Islands are renowned as the world's clove origin. Maluku is home to one of the indigenous clove germplasms known as Forest cloves. Forest Cloves are wild-type cloves found on Ambon Island, Maluku. The study's objective was to conduct an analysis of the supply chain for forest clove commodities. The investigation was conducted in the villages of Hitulama, Hitumesing, and Pulau Seram in Maluku Province, as well as in the villages of Latu and Hualoi. Primary data were collected from a sample of 25 forest clove farmers. The data analysis reveals that several parties are involved in the supply chain of Maluku's forest clove commodities, including farmers/suppliers, village-level middlemen, large collectors in the Regency City and provincial capital, Ambon City, as well as large companies in Surabaya that use forest cloves as raw material. Efforts to conserve forest cloves must be made in order to expand local potential and farmers' revenue. As a result, the wealth of Forest clove germplasm in Maluku province can be increased.

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glicine max (L.) Merrill) TERHADAP PENYEMPROTAN METHANOL DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK BOKASHI Amba, Martha; Mahulette, Asri Subkhan
Jurnal Agro Wiralodra Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Agro Wiralodra
Publisher : Universitas Wiralodra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/agrowiralodra.v6i2.100

Tanaman kedelai merupakan tanaman C3 yang dapat ditingkatkan pertumbuhannya melalui peningkatan CO2 internal dan pemberian bahan organik. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyemprotan methanol dan pemberian jenis pupuk organik bokashi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Poka Kecamatan Teluk Ambon, Kota Ambon. Penelitian berbentuk percobaan faktorial dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalam penyemprotan methanol yang terdiri atas dua taraf yaitu: tanpa penyemprotan methanol (kontrol) dan penyemprotan methanol. Faktor kedua adalah jenis pupuk organik bokashi yang terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu: tanpa pemberian bokashi (kontrol), pemberian bokashi pupuk kandang ayam, pemberian bokashi tekelan/kirinyuh. Hasil penelitian didapatkan informasi bahwa faktor tunggal pemberian methanol dan bokashi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap semua peubah pengamatan, sedangkan interaksi antara kedua perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan. Faktor tunggal penyemprotan methanol memberikan hasil yang tertinggi terhadap semua peubah pengamatan, sedangkan faktor tunggal bokashi tekelan/kirinyuh memberikan hasil yang tertinggi terhadap semua peubah pengamatan.

Keragaman Morfologi Cengkih Tuni (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) Di Kecamatan Tehoru, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku Namakule, Mirda Yanti; Mahulette, Asri Subkhan; Matatula, Avia Jolanda
Jurnal Agro Wiralodra Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Agro Wiralodra
Publisher : Universitas Wiralodra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/agrowiralodra.v7i1.103

Clove Tuni is a superior local clove variety from Maluku, widely cultivated in Tehoru District, Central Maluku Regency. Until now, information on morphological diversity in Tuni clove populations in the region is still limited. This study aimed to inform the morphological diversity of Tuni cloves and their morphological characteristics. The research was conducted in three villages in Tehoru District, Central Maluku Regency: Haya, Tehoru, and Yaputih Villages. The clove plants characterized were >20 years old, where ten plant samples were taken from each village, so there were 30 plants. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) results for 54 morphological characters obtained from two groups of Tuni cloves with a dissimilarity coefficient of 13% (87% similarity). The first group comprised ten plants with a similarity coefficient of 92% (8% dissimilarity). In contrast, the second group consisted of 20 plants, of which 11 plants had a similarity coefficient of 91.5% or 8.5% dissimilarity (group IIa), and nine plants had a similarity coefficient of 91% or 9% dissimilarity (group IIb). Principle Component Analysis (PCA) results found a diversity of morphological characters with a total diversity of 51.3%. The PCA results showed the characteristics of the first group in the form of flower stalk length, weight, and number of flowers/series. The identifying characters for group IIa are the North-South canopy width and the East-West canopy width, while the identifying characters for group IIb are fruit length, width, and weight.

Keragaman Morfologi Cengkih Zanzibar (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry) di Kecamatan Tehoru, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku Matatula, Avia Jolanda; Mahulette, Asri Subkhan
Jurnal Agrohut Vol. 15 No. 2 (2024): Agrohut
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Darussalam Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51135/agh.v15i2.330

Cengkih Zanzibar merupakan salah varietas cengkih lokal unggul asal Kepulauan Maluku yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh petani cengkih di Kecamatan Tehoru Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Sejauh ini keragaman morfologi dalam populasi cengkih Zanzibar belum banyak diinformasikan. Penelitian bertujuan menginformasikan keragaman morfologi dalam popuasi cengkih Zanzibar beserta karakter pencirinya. Penelitian dilakukan di 3 desa di Kecamatan Tehoru Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Provinsi Maluku, yaitu desa Tehoru, Haya, dan Yaputih. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap 30 sampel tanaman cengkih Zanzibar Merah dan 30 sampel tanaman cengkih Zanzibar Putih berdasarkan 54 karakter morfologi. Hasil karakterisasi berdasarkan Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) didapatkan 2 kelompok besar cengkih Zanzibar dengan koefisien ketidakmiripan sebesar 13.80% (kemiripan 86.2%). Kelompok pertama terdiri atas 30 aksesi cengkih Zanzibar Merah yang mengelompok dengan kemiripan 87.5% (ketidakmiripan 12.50%), sedangkan kelompok kedua terdiri atas kelompok cengkih Zanzibar Putih yang mengelompok dengan kemiripan 91% (ketidakmiripan 9%). Karakter penciri berdasarkan Principle Component Analysis (PCA) didapatkan karakter penciri cengkih Zanzibar Merah berupa lebar kanopi U-S, lebar kanopi T-B, berat tangkai bunga, sedangkan Zanzibar Putih berupa warna daun tua, warna pucuk, dan panjang buah.

Essential Oil Components of Clove Raja Variant Flower Bud Oil (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry) in Mamala Village, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province Mahulette, Asri Subkhan; Lating, Muhammad Fajri Aditthia; Wattimena, Anna Yuliana; Makaruku, Marlita Herlin
Jurnal Agrohut Vol. 15 No. 2 (2024): Agrohut
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Darussalam Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51135/agh.v15i2.339

Clove Raja is classified as an intermediate clove type because it has morphological characteristics similar to cultivated-type cloves from the aromatic group and wild-type cloves from the non-aromatic group. The morphological similarity indicates similarities in the essential oil components between Raja clove, cultivated, and wild-type cloves. The study aims to identify the essential oil components of one of the Raja clove variants by comparing them with the results of previous essential oil component analysis in cultivated type cloves from the aromatic group represented by Tuni cloves and wild type cloves from the non-aromatic group represented by Hutan cloves. The material for distillation comes from the flower part of one of the Raja clove variants. Raja clove flower oil distillation was carried out using the steam-hydro distillation method. In contrast, the equipment for analyzing essential components used Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in the form of Agilent Technologies 7890. The critical component data obtained were analyzed using R Stat 3.1.0 software to produce a heatmap profile of essential oil grouping. The results of the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis obtained seven crucial components of Raja cloves, namely eugenol (75.35%); caryophyllene (9.63%); Germacrene-D (3.73%); I-Isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a—hexahydronaphtalene (1.65%); humulene (1.36%); 2'-3',4' trimethocyacetophenone (1.22%); α-cubebene (1%). The characteristic components of Raja clove oil in the heatmap profile are indicated as eugenol; germacrene-D; α-humulene; 2'-3',4' Trimethocyacetophenone, I-isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphtalene. The identification results show that Raja cloves have similarities in the main component of eugenol with the results of previous studies on cultivated cloves represented by Tuni cloves, while the similarity to wild-type cloves represented by Hutan cloves is in the form of germacrene-D.

Morphological Diversity of “Tuni” and “Afo” Cloves, Endemic to the Maluku Islands, Indonesia Lating, Muhammad Fajri; Mahulette, Asri Subkhan; Kilkoda, Abdul Karim Kilkoda
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 11 No. 03 (2024): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.11.03.335-345

“Tuni” and “Afo” cloves are endemic clove varieties from the Maluku islands. Until now, there is still little information on morphological diversity in plant populations and information on the characteristics between the two varieties. The research aims to provide information on the morphological diversity and characteristics of “Tuni” and “Afo” cloves from the Maluku Islands. Morphological characterization of the “Tuni” variety of cloves was carried out at its distribution location on Ambon Island, Maluku Province. In contrast, “Afo” cloves were characterized at their distribution location on Ternate Island, North Maluku Province. The research was carried out in July 2023-May 2024. The used for morphological identification was the modified Tropical Fruit Descriptors. The characterized clove plants consisted of 30 “Tuni” clove plants and 30 “Afo” clove plants, so a total of 60 plants were characterized. The results of the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) based on 54 morphological characters that were carried out showed two groups with a dissimilarity coefficient of 44%. The first group is a group of “Tuni” clove accessions, which are clustered with a similarity of 91%, and the second group is a group of “Afo” clove accessions, which are clustered with a similarity of 90%. The results of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) obtained a total diversity of 75.4%, where the specific characteristics of “Tuni” cloves obtained were stem bark color, crown shape, branching angle, leaf thickness, old leaf color, shoot color, leaf petiole tip color, flower stalk weight, flower length, flower tube diameter. The specific characteristics of “Afo” cloves obtained from PCA are plant height, stem circumference, North-South canopy width, East-West canopy width, leaf length, leaf texture, leaf spiciness, ripe picked flower color, picked ripe flower crown color, ripe fruit color, and color seed.

Identifikasi Keragaman Morfologi Tanaman Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra Linn.) di Kabupaten Buru, Maluku Wiyantoro, Aldi; Mahulette, Asri Subkhan; Marasabessy, Dessy Ariyani
Jurnal Agrohut Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): Agrohut
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Darussalam Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51135/agh.v16i1.366

Kabupaten Buru Provinsi Maluku merupakan salah satu wilayah sebaran tanaman kayu putih di Indonesia. Hingga saat ini berbagai kajian terkait morfologi tanaman kayu putih yang tumbuh di Kabupaten Buru belum banyak diinformasikan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis karakter morfologi tanaman kayu putih di Kabupaten Buru dan mengidentifikasi karakter pencirinya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga kecamatan sebaran tanaman kayu putih di Kabupaten Buru yaitu kecamatan Namlea, Lilialy, dan Waplau. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November-Desember 2024. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) didapatkan dua kelompok besar tanaman kayu putih dengan koefisien ketidakmiripan sebesar 17,8%, dimana kelompok I terdiri atas 27 aksesi yang mengelompok dengan koefisien kemiripan 84,4% dan kelompok II terdiri atas 3 aksesi dengan koefisien kemiripan 83,8%. Kelompok I dalam pengelompokan terbagi lagi atas dua kelompok yaitu kelompok I-a yang terdiri atas 22 aksesi dengan koefisien kemiripan sebesar 85,7% dan kelompok I-b yang terdiri atas 5 aksesi dengan koefisien kemiripan sebesar 85,5%. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan Principle Component Analysis (PCA) didapatkan karakter penciri tanaman kayu putih kelompok I-a berupa: tinggi cabang terbawah, lebar daun, panjang tangkai daun, diameter rangkaian bunga, panjang buah, diameter buah. Kelompok I-b berupa: tinggi pohon, lingkar batang, lebar kanopi U-S, lebar kanopi T-B, panjang daun, sedangkan kelompok II berupa: keberadaan bulu di permukaan daun muda, warna bulu di permukaan daun, dan warna ujung tangkai daun.

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