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All Journal Reaktor Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Prosiding Semnastek Communications in Science and Technology Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Makara Journal of Technology
Rita Arbianti
Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Interesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit dengan metil asetat untuk sintesis biodiesel menggunakan candida rugosa lipase terimobilisasi Heri Hermansyah; Septian Marno; Rita Arbianti; Tania Surya Utami; Anondho Wijanarko
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2009.8.1.5

Abstract

Palm oil interesterification with methyl acetate for biodiesel synthesis using immobilized Candida rugosa lipaseBiocatalyst is a promising alternative catalyst for synthetic biodiesel because it has capability to improve conventional catalyst weakness, such as product purification and undesired side products. However, biocatalyst is easy to be deactivated by alcohol. Therefore, in this research, new method is developed to maintain the activity and stability of biocatalyst during reaction. In this paper, the experimental results of non-alcohol route synthesis of biodiesel using immobilized candida rugosa lipase in zeolit through adsorption method were reported. Methyl acetate as alkyl acceptor was reacted with triglyceride from palm oil in batch reactor. The analytical results from HPLC showed that trioleat convert up to 82% under the condition of 4%-wt substrate of the biocatalyst concentration and oil/alkyl mole ratio equal to 1/12 in 50 hour reaction. The effects of reactant ratio, biocatalyst concentration on concentration profile of tri-, di-, mono-gliceryde, and biodiesel were also observed. Stability test indicated that the activity of the immobilized biocatalyst still remained active for three reaction cycles.  Michaelis-Menten mechanism was used for derivation kinetic reaction equation to describe the behaviour of biodiesel production. Keywords: Biodiesel, interesterification, Candida rugosa lipase, non-alcohol route, immobilized. AbstrakSaat ini riset sintesis biodiesel menggunakan biokatalis sangat menjanjikan karena mampu memperbaiki kelemahan katalis alkali, yaitu kemudahan pemisahan produk dan kemampuan dalam mengarahkan reaksi secara spesifik tanpa adanya reaksi samping yang tidak diinginkan. Namun, biokatalis mudah terdeaktivasi dalam lingkungan beralkohol. Oleh karena itu, dalam riset ini diusulkan untuk melakukan sintesis biodiesel melalui rute non-alkohol untuk menjaga agar aktivitas dan stabilitas biokatalis tetap tinggi selama reaksi berlangsung. Dalam makalah ini akan disajikan hasil penelitian sintesis biodiesel rute non-alkohol menggunakan Candida rugosa lipase yang diimobilisasi dalam zeolit melalui metode adsorpsi dengan mereaksikan metil asetat sebagai penyuplai gugus alkil dengan trigliserida dari minyak kelapa sawit dalam reaktor batch. Hasil analisis HPLC menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 82% rantai asam lemak dari trigliserida minyak kelapa sawit berhasil dikonversikan menjadi biodiesel pada kondisi konsentrasi biokatalis sebesar 4%-wt substrat dan rasio mol minyak/alkil sebesar 1/12 selama 50 jam reaksi. Pengaruh rasio reaktan, konsentrasi biokatalis terhadap profil konsentrasi dari tri-, di-, mono-gliserida serta biodiesel juga diselidiki. Uji stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa biokatalis terimobilisasi ini masih memiliki aktivitas untuk tiga kali siklus reaksi. Mekanisme Michaelis-Menten digunakan untuk menurunkan persamaan kinetika reaksi yang mampu menggambarkan perilaku produksi biodiesel yang dihasilkan.Kata kunci: biodiesel, interesterifikasi, Candida rugosa lipase, rute non alkohol, imobilisasi
Produksi pelengkap nutrisi dari mikroalga laut Spirulina platensis dan Botyrococcus braunii Rita Arbianti; Sri Amini; Tania Surya Utami
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 11, No 5 (2013)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2013.12.2.3

Abstract

Production of nutritional supplements from Spirulina platensis and Botyrococcus Braunii marine microalgae.The low level of health of pregnant women is one of the results from the deficiency of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in Indonesia. Giving supplement containing DHA, EPA, and AA, can solve the problem.  Usually, these nutritional supplements are produced from marine fish oil. However, this source has several deficiencies that influence the quality of the fatty acid produced. Therefore, alternative sources of oil need to be found that can replace fish oil to produce DHA, EPA, and AA. One of the very potential sources is heterotrophic cultivated microalgae. In this study, microalgae from species Spirulina platensis and Botyrococcus braunii collected from Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology in Jakarta, were cultivated. Once microalgae is cultivated autotrophically, the culture were transformed to heterotrophic condition by adding 0.5 g/L glucose solution. Results showed that lipid yield from S.platensis and B. braunii were 5.297 and 0.173 (%-w dry biomass), respectively. Composition of DHA, EPA and AA from S.platensis and B.braunii oils were 0.006, 0.002, and 0.001 (%-w of lipid), respectively.Keywords: Spirulina platensis, Botryococcus braunii, heterotroph, microwave, microalgae AbstrakSalah satu dampak kekurangan asam-asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 di Indonesia adalah rendahnya tingkat kesehatan ibu hamil. Pemberian pelengkap nutrisi yang mengandung DHA, EPA dan AA dapat menjadi solusi permasalahan tersebut. Pada umumnya suplemen tersebut diperoleh dari minyak ikan laut, namun sumber ini memiliki beberapa kekurangan yang mempengaruhi kualitas asam lemak yang dihasilkan, sehingga diperlukan pengganti minyak ikan laut sebagai sumber utama DHA, EPA dan AA. Salah satu sumber pelengkap nutrisi yang sangat potensial adalah mikroalga yang dikultivasi secara heterotrof. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kultivasi mikroalga  spesies Spirulina platensis dan Botyrococcus braunii yang dikoleksi oleh Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan Perikanan di Jakarta. Kultivasi masing-masing mikroalga tersebut mula-mula dilakukan secara normal (autotrof), kemudian dikondisikan menjadi heterotrof dengan pemberian glukosa 0,5 g/L. Hasil ekstraksi dengan gelombang mikro  menunjukkan  bahwa S. platensis dan B. braunii yang dikultivasi secara heterotrof memiliki kandungan minyak berturut-turut sebesar 5,297 dan 0,173 %-b (berdasarkan biomassa kering). Kandungan DHA, EPA, dan AA dalam minyak dari kedua mikroalga tersebut adalah  berturut-turut sebesar 0,006, 0,002, dan 0,001 %-massa relatif terhadap minyak.Kata kunci: Spirulina platensis, Botryococcus braunii, heterotrof, gelombang mikro, mikroalga
Transesterifikasi parsial minyak kelapa sawit dengan etanol pada pembuatan digliserida sebagai agen pengemulsi Rita Arbianti; Tania Surya Utami; Heri Hermansyah; Ira Setiawati; Eki Listya Rini
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2009.8.1.6

Abstract

Partial transesterification of palm oil with ethanol in diglyceride production as emulsifierHigh growth rate of palm oil production has encouraged palm diversification to be other products with higher economic value, which one of them is emulsifier. Emulsifier based on vegetable oil is biodegradable so they won’t soil our environment. Besides that, its continuity of provisioning is also ensured because it is a renewable resource. In production of emulsifier based on palm oil, transesterification reaction is a first step that influences quality of emulsifier produced. The aim of this research is to determine the condition of palm oil partial transesterification. The partial transesterification process used NaOH as catalyst and palm oil. Variables varied were percent weight of NaOH (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 {mole NaOH/kg oil}), transesterification temperature (40, 50, 60, and 70oC), reaction time (15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes), ratio of reactant (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6{mole oil:mole ethanol}),  to discuss these effects to diglyceride product activity. Diglyceride product was tested by its ability as emulsifier in system stability of oil/water emulsion and to decrease surface tension of water. Result of this research indicated that diglyceride product has optimum declining of surface tension of water on percent weight of NaOH of 0.3 mole NaOH/kg oil, transesterification temperature of 50 oC, reaction time of 30 minutes, and ratio of reactant of 1:6 mole oil: mole ethanol.Keywords: diglyceride, emulsifier, NaOH, palm oil, transesterification. AbstrakLaju pertumbuhan produksi minyak kelapa sawit yang tinggi mendorong perlunya diversifikasi minyak kelapa sawit menjadi produk lain dengan nilai ekonomis tinggi, salah satunya adalah sebagai agen pengemulsi. Agen pengemulsi yang dibuat dari minyak nabati bersifat biodegradable, sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan, dan kesinambungan pengadaannya terjamin karena berasal dari sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui. Dalam produksi agen pengemulsi berbahan baku minyak kelapa sawit, reaksi transesterifikasi merupakan tahapan awal yang akan mempengaruhi kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi transesterifikasi parsial minyak kelapa sawit. Proses transesterifikasi menggunakan NaOH sebagai katalis dan minyak kelapa sawit. Variabel yang divariasikan untuk mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja produk digliserida yang dihasilkan adalah persen berat katalis NaOH (0,1, 0,2, 0,3, dan 0,4 {mol NaOH/kg minyak}), suhu transesterifikasi (40, 50, 60, dan 70 oC), waktu transesterifikasi  (15, 20, 25, dan 30 menit), dan rasio reaktan (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, dan 1:6 {mol minyak:mol etanol}). Produk digliserida diuji kemampuannya sebagai agen pengemulsi dalam menurunkan tegangan permukaan air, serta dalam menjaga kestabilan emulsi minyak/air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk digliserida memiliki kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan air optimum pada persen berat katalis NaOH sebesar 0,3 mol NaOH/kg minyak, suhu transesterifikasi 50 oC, waktu reaksi 30 menit, dan rasio reaktan 1:6 mol minyak:mol etanol.Kata kunci: agen pengemulsi, digliserida, minyak kelapa sawit, NaOH, transesterifikasi.
Perbandingan aktivitas katalis nikel dan katalis tembaga pada reaksi hidrogenasi metil ester untuk pembuatan surfaktan Tania S Utami; Rita Arbianti; Heri Hermansyah; Wiwik Handayani; Desti Andani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2009.8.2.5

Abstract

Surfactant has ability in decreasing surface tension, interfacial surface tension, and increasing stability of emulsion systems. Surfactant is used in several industry such as soap and detergent industry, healthcare and cosmetics industry. One major advantage of oleochemical surfactant is its renewable and degradable properties regarding environmental issue. This surfactant is made using methyl esther from coconut oil through hydrogenation of methyl esther (methyl laurate) by using metal catalyst, sulfatation reaction by adding H2SO4, and neutralization by using NaOH. The goal of this research is to obtain the optimum reaction condition in aspects of several variables, such as temperature, hydrogen gas flow rate, and percent weight of catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction using Ni dan Cu catalyst. This research showed that the optimum operating conditions are 270 oC of temperature, 1 mL/s of H2 gas flow rate, and 30 %-wt of catalyst. Ni catalyst has better activity. After adding 25 %-wt of surfactants, it had surface tension of 26.4 mN/m and it could stabilize emulsion for 839 seconds. Keywords : hydrogenation, Cu catalyst, Ni catalyst, methyl esther, surfactant. Abstrak Surfaktan memiliki kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan, tegangan antarmuka, dan meningkatkan kestabilan sistem emulsi. Hal ini membuat surfaktan banyak digunakan pada berbagai bidang industri seperti industri sabun, detergen, produk perawatan diri, dan kosmetika. Surfaktan berbahan baku oleokimia memiliki beberapa keunggulan, diantaranya bersifat terbarukan (renewable resources) dan secara alami mudah terdegradasi. Surfaktan ini dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan bahan baku metil ester dari minyak kelapa melalui reaksi hidrogenasi metil ester (metil laurat) dengan katalis logam, reaksi sulfatasi dengan menambahkan H2SO4, dan netralisasi dengan NaOH. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi optimum yang meliputi suhu reaksi, laju alir gas hidrogen, dan persentase berat katalis pada reaksi hidrogenasi metil laurat menggunakan katalis Ni dan Cu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi operasi optimum yang sama dari kedua katalis, yaitu pada suhu 270 oC, laju alir gas H2 1 mL/s, dan 30 %-berat katalis. Aktivitas katalis yang lebih baik diberikan oleh katalis Ni, dengan nilai penurunan tegangan permukaan air setelah ditambahkan surfaktan sebesar 26,4 mN/m dan stabilitas emulsi minyak-air setelah ditambahkan surfaktan sebesar 839 detik. Kata Kunci : hidrogenasi, katalis Cu, katalis Ni, metil ester, surfaktan.
Sintesis biodiesel rute non-alkohol menggunakan Candida rugosa lipase dalam bentuk tersuspensi Heri Hermansyah; Septian Marno; Rita Arbianti; Tania Surya Utami; Anandho Wijanarko
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2009.8.2.1

Abstract

Non-alcoholic route biodiesel synthesis using suspended Candida rugosa lipaseBiodiesel synthesis using biocatalyst can improve the disadvantage of alkali catalyst. Biocatalysts are not homogeneously mixed, so its separation is easy and it is also able to direct the reaction specifically without any unwanted side reactions. However, the application of biocatalysts in alcoholic environment degrades the biocatalyst quickly, and its stability suffers. To solve this problem, this research proposes to perform biodiesel synthesis through a non-alcohol route so that the activity and stability of the biocatalyst can be preserved. The biocatalyst used was Candida rugosa lipase in suspended form. Methyl acetate which served as alkyl group source was reacted with triglycerides from palm oil. The reaction was performed in a batch reactor, and HPLC was used to analyze reactants and product concentrations. Research results indicated that more than 86% of fatty acid chains from the palm oil triglycerides were converted to biodiesel at a biocatalyst concentration of 4 %-wt of the substrate, oil:alkyl molar ratio of 1:12, and reaction period of 50 hours. Furthermore, the kinetic data obtained using suspended enzyme, were also shown by concentration profile of tri-, di-, monoglycerides and biodiesel versus time in 50 hours reaction time.Keywords: biodiesel synthesis, interesterification, Candida rugosa lipase, non-alcohol route, triglycerideAbstrakSintesis biodiesel menggunakan biokatalis mampu memperbaiki kelemahan katalis alkali, yaitu tidak bercampur homogen, sehingga pemisahannya mudah dan mampu mengarahkan reaksi secara spesifik tanpa adanya reaksi samping yang tidak diinginkan. Namun penggunaan biokatalis di lingkungan beralkohol menyebabkan biokatalis terdeaktivasi secara cepat dan stabilitasnya menjadi buruk. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut, dalam riset ini diusulkan melakukan sintesis biodiesel melalui rute non-alkohol agar aktivitas dan stabilitas biokatalis tetap tinggi. Biokatalis yang digunakan adalah Candida rugosa lipase dalam bentuk tersuspensi. Metil asetat sebagai pensuplai gugus alkil direaksikan dengan trigliserida dari minyak kelapa sawit.  Reaksi dilakukan dalam reaktor batch dan HPLC digunakan untuk menganalisa reaktan dan produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 86% rantai asam lemak dari trigliserida minyak kelapa sawit berhasil di konversikan menjadi biodiesel pada kondisi konsentrasi biokatalis sebesar 4 %-wt substrat, rasio mol minyak:alkil sebesar 1:12 selama 50 jam reaksi. Selanjutnya, data kinetika menggunakan enzim tersuspensi juga ditunjukkan melalui profil konsentrasi tri-, di-, mono, dan biodiesel  terhadap waktu  selama 50 jam.Kata Kunci: sintesis biodiesel, interesterifikasi, Candida rugosa lipase, rute non-alkohol, trigliserida
The effects of biofilm and selective mixed culture on the electricity outputs and wastewater quality of tempe liquid waste based microbial fuel cell Tania Surya Utami; Rita Arbianti; M Mariana; Nathania Dwi Karina; Vifki Leondo
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 2 June 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (766.553 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.2.84-91

Abstract

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is highly prospective to be developed because it could be utilized as the alternative electricity sources and simultaneously as the wastewater treatment unit using microorganism as catalyst. Industrial Tempe wastewater has the potential to be used as MFC substrate since it still contains high nutrition for microbe and could pollute the environment if it disposed before being processed first. This study focused on investigating the effect of selective mixed culture addition and biofilm formation on the electricity production and the wastewater treatment aspects with tubular single chamber membranless reactor and industrial Tempe wastewater substrate. The result showed that, with the addition of selective mixed culture, the optimum electricity production obtained with addition of 1 ml gram-negative bacteria with increase in electricity production up to 92.14% and average voltage of 17.91 mV, while the optimum decreased levels of COD and BOD obtained with addition of 5 ml gram-negative bacteria which are 29.32% and 51.32%. On the biofilm formation experiment, optimum electricity production obtained from biofilm formation time for 14 days with increase in electricity production up to 10-folds and average voltage of 30.52 mV, while the optimum decreased levels of COD and BOD obtained from biofilm formation time for 7 days which are 18.2% and 35.9%.Keywords : biofilm, Microbial Fuel Cell, selective mixed culture, Tempe wastewater, tubular reactor
EVALUASI PRODUKSI LISTRIK SUMBER ENERGI TERBARUKAN SEL ELEKTROKIMIA BERBASIS MIKROBA PADA VOLUME REAKTOR YANG BERBEDA Tania Surya Utami; Rita Arbianti; Guruh Mehra Mulyana
Prosiding Semnastek PROSIDING SEMNASTEK 2017
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) merupakan salah satu teknologi yang dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan sumber energi terbarukan. MFC berupa sel elektrokimia yang menghasilkan listrik akibat aktivitas mikroba yang mendegradasi senyawa organik. Untuk menentukan apakah MFC dapat diaplikasikan menjadi teknologi praktis, dilakukan evaluasi melalui parameter kinetika berbasis Monod dan efisiensi coulomb serta efisiensi energi. Penelitian ini menggunakan reaktor tubular single chamber membranless dengan volume 0,5 L dan 5 L. Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh peningkatan volume reaktor terhadap parameter kinetika dan efisiensi sistem. Data hasil percobaan di laboratorium berhasil dimodelkan dengan persamaan Monod. Nilai parameter kinetika untuk sistem MFC dengan volume 0,5 L adalah Pmax 0,032 mW/m2 dan Ks 772,98 mg/L, sedangkan untuk reaktor 5 L nilai Pmax sebesar 1,59 mW/m2 dan Ks 399,97 mg/L. Nilai efisiensi coulomb tertinggi untuk reaktor 0,5 L adalah sebesar 0,435% dan 2,84% untuk reaktor 5 L. Nilai efisiensi energi tertinggi pada sistem MFC adalah 0,015% dengan reaktor 5 L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan nilai parameter kinetika dan nilai efisiensi pada peningkatan volume reaktor dari 0,5 L ke 5 L. Peningkatan yang terjadi cukup signifikan, pada parameter Pmax terjadi peningkatan hingga 50 kali lipat.
Cetane Number Booster Additive for Diesel Fuel Synthesized from Coconut Oil Nasikin, Mohammad; Arbianti, Rita; Azis, Abdul
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 6, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

To reduce NOx, SOx, HC, and particulates that produce because of using diesel fuel, can be done by increasing cetane number. One of methods is adding an additive to diesel fuel. 2-Ethyl Hexyl Nitrate (2-EHN) is a commercial additive that an organic nitrate. Making an additive in this research is used palm oil by nitration reaction that used HNO3 and H2SO4. Result of this reaction is methyl ester nitrate that has a structure looks like 2-EHN. IR spectra from research show that methyl ester nitrate is indicated by spectrum NO2 at 1635 cm-1. This result show that methyl ester nitrate can be synthesized by nitration reaction and yield is 74,84% volume. Loading 1% methyl ester nitrate to diesel fuel can increase cetane number from 44,68 to 47,49.
Kinetic Model For Triglyceride Hydrolysis Using Lipase:Review Hermansyah, Heri; Wijanarko, A.; Dianursanti, Dianursanti; Gozan, Misri; Wulan, Praswasti P. D.K; Arbianti, Rita; Soemantojo, Roekmijati W.; Utami, Tania Surya; Yuliusman, Yuliusman; Kubo, Momoji; Kitakawa, Naomi Shibasaki; Yonemoto, Toshiy
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 11, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Triglyceride hydrolysis using lipase has been proposed as a novel method to produce raw materials in food and cosmetic industries such as diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, glycerol and fatty acid. In order to design a reactor for utilizing this reaction on industrial scale, constructing a kinetic model is important. Since the substrates are oil and water, the hydrolysis takes place at oil-water interface. Furthermore, the triglyceride has three ester bonds, so that the hydrolysis stepwise proceeds. Thus, the reaction mechanism is very complicated. The difference between the interfacial and bulk concentrations of the enzyme, substrates and products, and the interfacial enzymatic reaction mechanism should be considered in the model.
Isolation of Methyl Laurate from Coconut Oil as Raw Material for Fatty Alcohol Sulfate Arbianti, Rita; Utami, Tania Surya; Nugroho, Astri
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 12, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Isolation of Methyl Laurate from Coconut Oil as Raw Material for Fatty Alcohol Sulfate. Methyl laurate is a raw or base material for many industries, including surfactant industries. In this research, coconut oil (VCO) is transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, using NaOH as the catalyst. Methyl laurate is then separated by method based on the difference in melting point. This research focuses at determining the effects of some variables in transesterification on the concentration of produced methyl laurate. The variables are temperature (40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 80 oC), time of transesterification reaction (0,5 hour, 1 hour, 1,5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours), and the percent weight of the catalyst NaOH (0,5 %, 1 %, 1,5 %, 2 %, 3 %). Research showed the concentration of methyl laurate increased, following the increased temperature, time, and percent weight of catalysts. Optimal conditions were acquired at reaction temperature of 60oC, reaction time of 2 hours, and percent weight of the catalyst NaOH of 2 %. Laurate acid conversion to methyl laurate that yielded from optimal conditions, after the separation based on melting point, was 55,61 %.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Abdul Azis Adinda Putri Wisman, Adinda Aida R. Pudjiastuti Anandho Wijanarko Angelina Annisa Kurnia, Annisa Anondho Wijanarko Anondho Wijanarko Anwar Usman, Anwar Astri Nugroho Astri Nugroho Beta Nadia Manaf, Beta Chrispine Deksita Wisakanti, Chrispine Deksita Daryanto Daryanto Dedy Alharis Nasution, Dedy Alharis Deni Novitasari Deni Novitasari, Deni Desti Andani Dianursanti Diki Firdaus, Diki Eki Listya Rini Eny Kusrini Ester Kristin Ester Kristin, Ester Fadilah Putri, Najah Guruh Mehra Mulyana Hanung Adi Nugroho Heri Hermansyah Ira Setiawati Ira Trisnawati Ira Trisnawati, Ira Kitakawa, Naomi Shibasaki Luh Putu Ratna Sundari M Mariana Maemonah, Maemonah Misri Gozan Mohammad Nasikin Momoji Kubo Momoji Kubo, Momoji Naomi Shibasaki-Kitakawa Naomi Shibasaki-Kitakawa, Naomi Nathania Dwi Karina Naufal Azrizal Prasetyo Ng Sha Shiong Praswasti P. D.K Wulan Praswasti P. D.K Wulan, Praswasti P. D.K Purwati Latifah, Linatri Roekmijati W. Soemantojo Roekmijati W. Soemantojo, Roekmijati W. Septian Marno Sitorus, Randi Slamet Slamet . Slamet Slamet Sri Amini Suryapranata, Bryan Tania S Utami Tania Surya Utami Tania Utami Tania Utami, Tania Toshiy Yonemoto Toshiy Yonemoto, Toshiy Vifki Leondo Wijanarko, A. Wiwik Handayani Yoki Yulizar Yosmarina Harahap Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuswan Muharam