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All Journal Journal of General Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia
Martinus Tarina
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Medicine & Pharmacology

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Vaginal microbiota in menopause Martinus Tarina; Larisa Paramitha; Evita Halim Effendi; Shannaz Nadia Yusharyahya; Hanny Nilasari; Wresti Indriatmi
Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia Vol 1, No 3 (2016): December
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

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Abstract

The human vagina together with its resident, microbiota, comprise a dynamic ecosystem. Normal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus species, and pathogen microbiota such as Gardnerella species and Bacteroides species can occur due to decrease in Lactobacillus domination. Lactobacillus plays an essential role in keeping normal vaginal microbiota in balance. Vaginal microbiota adapts to pH change and hormonal value. Changes in the vaginal microbiota over a woman’s lifespan will influence the colonization of pathogenic microbes. They include changes in child, puberty, reproductive state, menopause, and postmenopause. Estrogen levels change will affect the colonization of pathogenic microbium, leading to genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Vulvovaginal atrophy is often found in postmenopausal women, and dominated by L. iners, Anaerococcus sp, Peptoniphilus sp, Prevotella sp, and Streptococcus sp. The normal vaginal microbiota’s imbalance in menopause will cause diseases such as bacterial vaginosis, and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis due to hormonal therapies. Changes in the vaginal microbiota due to bacterial vaginosis are characterized by decrease in H2O2-producing Lactobacillus. They are also caused by the increase in numbers and concentration of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and other anaerob species such as Peptostreptococci, Prevotella spp, and Mobiluncus spp. Keywords: vagina, microbiota, menopause, Lactobacillus, bacterial vaginosis
Co-Authors Aldri Frinaldi Evita Halim Effendi Shannaz Nadia Yusharyahya Winnugroho Wiratman, Manfaluthy Hakim, Tiara Aninditha, Aru W. Sudoyo, Joedo Prihartono Wresti Indriatmi B. Makes