Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the cause of hepatitis B, spreads through contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. Worldwide, most infections occur through mother-to-child transmission at birth or as a result of early childhood exposure. HBV can also spread via sexual contact, shared needles, or occupational exposure. It is not transmitted through food, water, kissing, coughing, or shared utensils.
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