Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Figure 7 – uploaded by Mochammad Fahlevi

See full PDFdownloadDownload figure
Fig 7. Normal quantile plot (ROE after transformation). Source: output from STATA, 2022.

Figure 7 Normal quantile plot (ROE after transformation). Source: output from STATA, 2022.

Related Figures (18)

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285720.g001 Companies with outstanding CSR performance can reduce capital constraints. This is due to numerous factors. First, outstanding CSR performance indicates greater stakeholder engagement, reduces the likelihood of short-term opportunistic behavior, and consequently Companies with outstanding CSR performance can reduce capital constraints. This is due Companies that do not engage in CSR are more likely to face protests or demonstrations from the community, which can result in the cessation of a company’s operational activities resulting in losses. On the other hand, companies that engage in CSR can avoid protests from the public, allowing them to continue to operate effectively and achieve their goals. overall gain. Implementing CSR can reduce operational costs, increase sales volume and market share, create a positive image that attracts potential investors, and so on. It is hoped that by engaging in CSR activities, the company will be able to achieve its primary objective of seeking profit without ignoring the interests of stakeholders and environmental sustain- ability as a form of responsibility for the impacts its operational activities have caused [46]. The results of research by Rosiliana et al. [47] show that CSR has a negative effect or has an inverse and insignificant relationship to ROE, but a positive and significant influence on ROA, and ROS.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285720.g001 Companies with outstanding CSR performance can reduce capital constraints. This is due to numerous factors. First, outstanding CSR performance indicates greater stakeholder engagement, reduces the likelihood of short-term opportunistic behavior, and consequently Companies with outstanding CSR performance can reduce capital constraints. This is due Companies that do not engage in CSR are more likely to face protests or demonstrations from the community, which can result in the cessation of a company’s operational activities resulting in losses. On the other hand, companies that engage in CSR can avoid protests from the public, allowing them to continue to operate effectively and achieve their goals. overall gain. Implementing CSR can reduce operational costs, increase sales volume and market share, create a positive image that attracts potential investors, and so on. It is hoped that by engaging in CSR activities, the company will be able to achieve its primary objective of seeking profit without ignoring the interests of stakeholders and environmental sustain- ability as a form of responsibility for the impacts its operational activities have caused [46]. The results of research by Rosiliana et al. [47] show that CSR has a negative effect or has an inverse and insignificant relationship to ROE, but a positive and significant influence on ROA, and ROS.
Table 2. Descriptive statistical analysis results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 2. Descriptive statistical analysis results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 3. Skewness and Kurtosis normality test results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 3. Skewness and Kurtosis normality test results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Fig 2. Normal quantile plot (CSRI). Source: output from STATA, 2022. a“ _ Multicollinearity test. A multicollinearity test was conducted to determine whether there was a relationship/correlation between the independent variables or not [50]. In this study, the independent variable is only 1, which means it cannot be tested for multicollinearity.
Fig 2. Normal quantile plot (CSRI). Source: output from STATA, 2022. a“ _ Multicollinearity test. A multicollinearity test was conducted to determine whether there was a relationship/correlation between the independent variables or not [50]. In this study, the independent variable is only 1, which means it cannot be tested for multicollinearity.
Fig 3. Normal quantile plot (ROA). Source: output from STATA, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285720.g003
Fig 3. Normal quantile plot (ROA). Source: output from STATA, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285720.g003
Fig 4. Normal quantile plot (ROE). Source: output from STATA, 2022.
Fig 4. Normal quantile plot (ROE). Source: output from STATA, 2022.
Table 4. Skewness and Kurtosis normality test results (transformation). This test determines how well the independent variable can explain the dependent variable [52]. The t test determines how much influence each independent variable has on the Hypothesis testing with coefficient of determination test, t test, F test
Table 4. Skewness and Kurtosis normality test results (transformation). This test determines how well the independent variable can explain the dependent variable [52]. The t test determines how much influence each independent variable has on the Hypothesis testing with coefficient of determination test, t test, F test
Fig 5. Normal quantile plot (NPM). Source: output from STATA, 2022.
Fig 5. Normal quantile plot (NPM). Source: output from STATA, 2022.
Fig 6. Normal quantile plot (ROA after transformation). Source: output from STATA, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285720.g006
Fig 6. Normal quantile plot (ROA after transformation). Source: output from STATA, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285720.g006
Table 5. White’s test results (ROA). Source: output from STATA, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285720.t005 Table 6. White’s test results (ROE).
Table 5. White’s test results (ROA). Source: output from STATA, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285720.t005 Table 6. White’s test results (ROE).
Table 7. White’s test results (NPM).
Table 7. White’s test results (NPM).
Table 8. Hypothesis 1 testing results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 8. Hypothesis 1 testing results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 9. Hypothesis 2 testing results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 9. Hypothesis 2 testing results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 10. Hypothesis 3 testing results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 10. Hypothesis 3 testing results. Source: output from STATA, 2022
Table 11. Simple linear regression.
Table 11. Simple linear regression.
Table 12. Simple linear regression.
Table 12. Simple linear regression.
Table 13. Simple linear regression.
Table 13. Simple linear regression.
Related topics:
Accounting
580 California St., Suite 400
San Francisco, CA, 94104
© 2025 Academia. All rights reserved