Table 5 Comparison of Means of Key Variables between Publicly Listed and Not Publicly Listed Corporations Table 5 shows the differences of mean scores of key variables in the study. Publicly listed corporations were compared with those that were not publicly listed. In general, publicly listed corporations had higher mean scores in HRM involvement in the formulation and implementation of governance and risk mechanisms compared to corporations that were not publicly listed. This pattern was particularly significant in HRM involvement in strategic planning, in the formulation of behavior control mechanisms and risk management