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Comparative study of sensor performances based on various hybrids or composites/materials fabricated sensors used for the detection of target BPA. * Cyclic Voltammetry CV, Differential Pulse Voltammetry DPV, Current-Voltage I-V. Table 1

Table 1 Comparative study of sensor performances based on various hybrids or composites/materials fabricated sensors used for the detection of target BPA. * Cyclic Voltammetry CV, Differential Pulse Voltammetry DPV, Current-Voltage I-V. Table 1

Related Figures (5)

Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns, (b-e) TEM image of GO, rGO, HAp and rGO/HAp nanocomposites, respectively, and (f) High resolution TEM image HAp in rGO/HAp nanocomposites.
Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns, (b-e) TEM image of GO, rGO, HAp and rGO/HAp nanocomposites, respectively, and (f) High resolution TEM image HAp in rGO/HAp nanocomposites.
Fig. 2. (a) Raman spectra, (b) FTIR spectra, (c) TGA curves of GO, rGO, HAp and rGO/HAp nanocomposites, and (d) Proliferation behavior of hMSCs over fabricate nanocomposites scaffolds, respectively.
Fig. 2. (a) Raman spectra, (b) FTIR spectra, (c) TGA curves of GO, rGO, HAp and rGO/HAp nanocomposites, and (d) Proliferation behavior of hMSCs over fabricate nanocomposites scaffolds, respectively.
Fig. 3. I-V responses of (a) Bare GCE, GO/GCE, rGO/GCE, HAp/GCE and rGO/HAp/GCE, respectively, (b) various BPA concentrations detection with rGO/HAp/GCE sensor, and (« Calibration curve. Potential range: 0 to +1.5V; analyte concentration: 0.1 zmolL~'; delay time: 1s; PBS: 0.1 molL~'; experiments were performed at room conditions. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of HAp, GO, rGO, and rGO/HAp nanocomposites, their effect on proliferation behaviour of hMSCs was performed. Proliferation behavior of hMSCs over the fabricated nanocomposites scaffolds during cell culture is shown in Fig. S2 (Supporting Information). It is clearly noticed that hMSCs were sufficiently attached and proliferated over every nano- composites scaffolds after 7 days of culture. Fusiform-shaped cells are distributed on the top surface of each scaffold. Most of the cells were adhered tightly to the surface and spread well. The results The thermal stability of GO, rGO, HAp, and rGO/HAp nano- composites performed by TGA analysis is shown in Fig. 2c. The first weight losses started from room temperature to 120°C and the second weight loss at 237 °C were observed for GO, may be due to loss of thermally unstable water molecules and loss of the labile oxygen-containing functional groups such as_ carboxylic,
Fig. 3. I-V responses of (a) Bare GCE, GO/GCE, rGO/GCE, HAp/GCE and rGO/HAp/GCE, respectively, (b) various BPA concentrations detection with rGO/HAp/GCE sensor, and (« Calibration curve. Potential range: 0 to +1.5V; analyte concentration: 0.1 zmolL~'; delay time: 1s; PBS: 0.1 molL~'; experiments were performed at room conditions. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of HAp, GO, rGO, and rGO/HAp nanocomposites, their effect on proliferation behaviour of hMSCs was performed. Proliferation behavior of hMSCs over the fabricated nanocomposites scaffolds during cell culture is shown in Fig. S2 (Supporting Information). It is clearly noticed that hMSCs were sufficiently attached and proliferated over every nano- composites scaffolds after 7 days of culture. Fusiform-shaped cells are distributed on the top surface of each scaffold. Most of the cells were adhered tightly to the surface and spread well. The results The thermal stability of GO, rGO, HAp, and rGO/HAp nano- composites performed by TGA analysis is shown in Fig. 2c. The first weight losses started from room temperature to 120°C and the second weight loss at 237 °C were observed for GO, may be due to loss of thermally unstable water molecules and loss of the labile oxygen-containing functional groups such as_ carboxylic,
Fig. 4. (a) Selectivity, (b) Reproducibility study, and (c) Response time of the rGO/HAp/GCE sensor towards BPA. Potential range: 0 to +1.5V; analyte concentration: 0.1 pmol L~'; delay time: 1s; PBS: 0.1 molL~'; experiments were performed at room conditions. The potential application of rGO/HAp/GCE as chemical sensor (especially BPA analyte) has been monitored for detecting and This significant change of surface current is monitored in every injection of the target BPA onto the rGO/HAp/GCE by the electrometer. I-V responses with rGO/HAp/GCE surface are investigated from the various concentrations (0.2nmolL~' to 0.2 mol L~') of BPA, which is shown in Fig. 3b. It depicts the current
Fig. 4. (a) Selectivity, (b) Reproducibility study, and (c) Response time of the rGO/HAp/GCE sensor towards BPA. Potential range: 0 to +1.5V; analyte concentration: 0.1 pmol L~'; delay time: 1s; PBS: 0.1 molL~'; experiments were performed at room conditions. The potential application of rGO/HAp/GCE as chemical sensor (especially BPA analyte) has been monitored for detecting and This significant change of surface current is monitored in every injection of the target BPA onto the rGO/HAp/GCE by the electrometer. I-V responses with rGO/HAp/GCE surface are investigated from the various concentrations (0.2nmolL~' to 0.2 mol L~') of BPA, which is shown in Fig. 3b. It depicts the current
Fig. 5. Probable mechanism of BPA detection presented based on rGO/HAp/GCE in 0.1.molL~! phosphate buffer solution. (a) Selected TEM image of rGO/HAp nanocomposites, (b-c) BPA interchange during I-V measurements, and (d) I-V response of BPA at 0.1 umolL~|, respectively. changes of fabricated rGO/HAp/GCE as a function of BPA concentration at room conditions. It was also found that at low to high concentration of target BPA analyte, the current responses were enhanced gradually. The potential current changes at lower to the higher potential range (potential, 0 to +1.5V) based on various BPA analyte concentration are investigated, which is clearly presented in Fig. 3b. A large range of analyte concentration is measured for the probable analytical limit, which is calculated in 0.2nmolL~! to 0.2molL~!. The calibration curve (at +1.0V) is plotted from the various BPA concentrations, which is presented in Fig. 3c. The sensitivity is estimated from the calibration curve, which is close to 18.98 x 104 WA.L/wmol.m?. The linear dynamic range of this rGO/HAp/GCE sensor displays from 0.2 nmolL™! to 2.0 mmol L7! (linearity, R*=0.9905) and the detection limit was The selectivity of the fabricated rGO/HAp/GCE sensor was performed with different chemicals such as 2-NP, 3-MP, 4-MP, 4- NP, phenol, benzaldehyde, ethanol, BPA, and methanol, respec- tively (Fig. 4a). BPA exhibits high current responses using rGO/ HAp/GCE sensor and hence it can be reported that the sensor is most selective toward BPA compared with other interferons. For
Fig. 5. Probable mechanism of BPA detection presented based on rGO/HAp/GCE in 0.1.molL~! phosphate buffer solution. (a) Selected TEM image of rGO/HAp nanocomposites, (b-c) BPA interchange during I-V measurements, and (d) I-V response of BPA at 0.1 umolL~|, respectively. changes of fabricated rGO/HAp/GCE as a function of BPA concentration at room conditions. It was also found that at low to high concentration of target BPA analyte, the current responses were enhanced gradually. The potential current changes at lower to the higher potential range (potential, 0 to +1.5V) based on various BPA analyte concentration are investigated, which is clearly presented in Fig. 3b. A large range of analyte concentration is measured for the probable analytical limit, which is calculated in 0.2nmolL~! to 0.2molL~!. The calibration curve (at +1.0V) is plotted from the various BPA concentrations, which is presented in Fig. 3c. The sensitivity is estimated from the calibration curve, which is close to 18.98 x 104 WA.L/wmol.m?. The linear dynamic range of this rGO/HAp/GCE sensor displays from 0.2 nmolL™! to 2.0 mmol L7! (linearity, R*=0.9905) and the detection limit was The selectivity of the fabricated rGO/HAp/GCE sensor was performed with different chemicals such as 2-NP, 3-MP, 4-MP, 4- NP, phenol, benzaldehyde, ethanol, BPA, and methanol, respec- tively (Fig. 4a). BPA exhibits high current responses using rGO/ HAp/GCE sensor and hence it can be reported that the sensor is most selective toward BPA compared with other interferons. For
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