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personal financial literacy, there is variability within each income bracket, indicating that factors beyond income also influence financial knowledge and understanding.  Rathakrishnan et al.; Asian J. Econ. Busin. Acc., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 476-495, 2024; Article no. AJEBA. 115056  TANIC O VIUVINES ail alidlyYolo Ul VOIOUlIAal Hilanvldal literacy dimensions categorized by annual family income brackets. Among respondents with an annual family income of 0-100,000, there is a solid understanding of personal finance concepts, with mean scores ranging from 3.62 to 3.72 and standard deviations between 0.91 and 1.03. Similarly, respondents with an income of 100,000-200,000 exhibit relatively high mean scores, ranging from 3.43 to 3.73, with standard deviations between 0.57 and 0.76. However, as the income bracket increases, there is a slight decrease in mean scores and an increase in variability. FRRespondents with an income of 200,000-300,000 display mean scores ranging from 2.96 to 3.50, with standard deviations between 0.69 and 0.91. Finally, respondents with an income of 300,000-500,000 show mean scores ranging from 3.47 to 3.67, with standard deviations between 0.72 and 0.90. These findings suggest that while there is generally a positive relationship between income and

Table 10 personal financial literacy, there is variability within each income bracket, indicating that factors beyond income also influence financial knowledge and understanding. Rathakrishnan et al.; Asian J. Econ. Busin. Acc., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 476-495, 2024; Article no. AJEBA. 115056 TANIC O VIUVINES ail alidlyYolo Ul VOIOUlIAal Hilanvldal literacy dimensions categorized by annual family income brackets. Among respondents with an annual family income of 0-100,000, there is a solid understanding of personal finance concepts, with mean scores ranging from 3.62 to 3.72 and standard deviations between 0.91 and 1.03. Similarly, respondents with an income of 100,000-200,000 exhibit relatively high mean scores, ranging from 3.43 to 3.73, with standard deviations between 0.57 and 0.76. However, as the income bracket increases, there is a slight decrease in mean scores and an increase in variability. FRRespondents with an income of 200,000-300,000 display mean scores ranging from 2.96 to 3.50, with standard deviations between 0.69 and 0.91. Finally, respondents with an income of 300,000-500,000 show mean scores ranging from 3.47 to 3.67, with standard deviations between 0.72 and 0.90. These findings suggest that while there is generally a positive relationship between income and