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Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n, Table 3.4: 2005-12 verified emissions by installation size

Table 3 Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n, Table 3.4: 2005-12 verified emissions by installation size

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Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Table 3.1: Top ultimate owners of installations
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Table 3.1: Top ultimate owners of installations
Figure 3.1: Top ultimate owners of installations Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014, 2014n) control the installations at which carbon is appropriated within the EU ETS Ultimate owners of EU ETS emissions
Figure 3.1: Top ultimate owners of installations Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014, 2014n) control the installations at which carbon is appropriated within the EU ETS Ultimate owners of EU ETS emissions
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n,
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n,
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n, Figure 3.2: Top ultimate owners of 2005-12 emissions
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n, Figure 3.2: Top ultimate owners of 2005-12 emissions
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n,
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n,
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014I, 2014n)
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014I, 2014n)
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Figure 3.4: Cumulative emissions by installation size percentile
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Figure 3.4: Cumulative emissions by installation size percentile
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n). Note: pa = per annurr
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n). Note: pa = per annurr
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Table 3.6: 2005-12 emissions by ultimate owner type However, the 50.01 per cent ultimate ownership path underestimates the extent of state business, controls 4 per cent of emissions.
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Table 3.6: 2005-12 emissions by ultimate owner type However, the 50.01 per cent ultimate ownership path underestimates the extent of state business, controls 4 per cent of emissions.
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Figure 3.5: 2005-12 emissions by ultimate owner type majority-owned by states, which increases to 47 at the lower ownership threshold.
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Figure 3.5: 2005-12 emissions by ultimate owner type majority-owned by states, which increases to 47 at the lower ownership threshold.
Table 4.1: EUA abstraction
Table 4.1: EUA abstraction
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Table 4.2: Top 10 2005-12 allowance deficits by ultimate owner
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Table 4.2: Top 10 2005-12 allowance deficits by ultimate owner
Table 4.3: Sources of allowances and credits acquired by RWE installations Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014l, 2014n, between the companies (Elsworth et al., 2011).
Table 4.3: Sources of allowances and credits acquired by RWE installations Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014l, 2014n, between the companies (Elsworth et al., 2011).
Table 4.4: Top external sources for RWE trading-only accounts Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014, 2014n
Table 4.4: Top external sources for RWE trading-only accounts Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014, 2014n
Figure 4.1: RWE EUA commodity flows
Figure 4.1: RWE EUA commodity flows
Table 4.5: RWE and EU ETS 2005-12 allowance surplus/deficits by installation size is therefore illustrative of the exploitation of the uneven appropriation of carbon in the
Table 4.5: RWE and EU ETS 2005-12 allowance surplus/deficits by installation size is therefore illustrative of the exploitation of the uneven appropriation of carbon in the
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2013b, 2014d, 2014i, 2014I, 2014n) Table 5.1: Top ten EU ETS offset users 2008-12
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2013b, 2014d, 2014i, 2014I, 2014n) Table 5.1: Top ten EU ETS offset users 2008-12
Table 5.2: Origin of offsets surrendered by E.ON installations 2008-12 Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2013b, 2014d, 2014i, 2014l, 2014n). Table 5.2 shows that Russia and the Ukraine hosted the JI projects that were issued the
Table 5.2: Origin of offsets surrendered by E.ON installations 2008-12 Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2013b, 2014d, 2014i, 2014l, 2014n). Table 5.2 shows that Russia and the Ukraine hosted the JI projects that were issued the
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014), Fenhann (2014a, 2014b) and European Commission (2013b, 2014d, 2014i, 2014l, 2014n).
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014), Fenhann (2014a, 2014b) and European Commission (2013b, 2014d, 2014i, 2014l, 2014n).
Table 6.1: Top 10 ultimate owners by 2005-12 allowance surplus Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014I, 2014n) companies, which saw many of the biggest polluters gain the biggest windfall profits.
Table 6.1: Top 10 ultimate owners by 2005-12 allowance surplus Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014I, 2014n) companies, which saw many of the biggest polluters gain the biggest windfall profits.
Source: Intercontinental Exchange (2014). Note: 2014 volumes include electricity and coal lots.
Source: Intercontinental Exchange (2014). Note: 2014 volumes include electricity and coal lots.
Table 9.2: Companies database breakdown by installation size Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014, 2014n)
Table 9.2: Companies database breakdown by installation size Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 2014, 2014n)
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Table 9.4: Companies database breakdown by sector
Sources: Own calculation using Bureau van Dijk (2014) and European Commission (2014d, 2014i, 20141, 2014n) Table 9.4: Companies database breakdown by sector
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