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Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)

Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)

Related Figures (15)

Fig. 1 This patient diagnosed with birdshot retinopathy had been treated with intravitreal steroids abroad due to uveitic macular edema prior to final diagnosis. At first presentation, vision was already decreased to 20/100 on the right eye and 20/200 on the left eye, respectively. On both eyes, there was central atrophy of outer retinal layers besides typical yellow-white lesions on the fundus (a) and furthermore persisting macular edema on the left eye (not shown). These pictures reveal the presence of a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of the right eye, although there was no intraretinal fluid present on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan around a suspicious lesion (b and ¢). Fluorescence angiography peak phase shows light hyperfluorescence of this lesion besides smaller hyperfluorescent spots corresponding to small pigment epithelial detachments (d). On indocyanine green angiography, the birdshot lesions are typically hypocyanescent, but here, central hypercyanscence can be noted (e). OCT angiography confirms a quiescent subretinal (type 1) CNV (f)
Fig. 1 This patient diagnosed with birdshot retinopathy had been treated with intravitreal steroids abroad due to uveitic macular edema prior to final diagnosis. At first presentation, vision was already decreased to 20/100 on the right eye and 20/200 on the left eye, respectively. On both eyes, there was central atrophy of outer retinal layers besides typical yellow-white lesions on the fundus (a) and furthermore persisting macular edema on the left eye (not shown). These pictures reveal the presence of a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of the right eye, although there was no intraretinal fluid present on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan around a suspicious lesion (b and ¢). Fluorescence angiography peak phase shows light hyperfluorescence of this lesion besides smaller hyperfluorescent spots corresponding to small pigment epithelial detachments (d). On indocyanine green angiography, the birdshot lesions are typically hypocyanescent, but here, central hypercyanscence can be noted (e). OCT angiography confirms a quiescent subretinal (type 1) CNV (f)
Fig. 2 This 49-year-old lady presented with a 6-week history of reduced vision in the left eye. Visual acuity at presentation was 6/12 in the affected eye, which also showed a chorioretinal scar from a past toxoplasmosis-related chorioretinitis. Fluoresceine angiography revealed a parafoveal spot of active leakage from early- (a) through mid- (b) to late-phase (¢). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) confirmed the presence of a vascular network (d) between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane (e). Structurally, this corresponded to pigment changes on infra- red imaging (f) and subretinal fluid next to a fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment on OCT (g)
Fig. 2 This 49-year-old lady presented with a 6-week history of reduced vision in the left eye. Visual acuity at presentation was 6/12 in the affected eye, which also showed a chorioretinal scar from a past toxoplasmosis-related chorioretinitis. Fluoresceine angiography revealed a parafoveal spot of active leakage from early- (a) through mid- (b) to late-phase (¢). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) confirmed the presence of a vascular network (d) between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane (e). Structurally, this corresponded to pigment changes on infra- red imaging (f) and subretinal fluid next to a fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment on OCT (g)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Table 1 Summary of publications on the implementation of OCTA in white dot syndromes (Continued)
Fig. 3 Multimodal imaging analysis of the macular and peripapillary area of the right eye showing multiple lesions at different stages of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). Images a, b, ¢ and d were taken 3 days after onset of symptoms. a Color image of the fundus showing fresh lesions. b En face reconstruction of the choriocapillaris flow by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) demonstrating an area of lacking signal. ¢ Structural OCT with superimposed flow signal revealing areas with decreased flow signal. d Early phase indocyanine green angiography (IA) with a hypocyanescent area corresponding to clinically visible early lesions. Images e, f, g, and h were taken 6 months after the onset of symptoms. e Color image of the fundus showing old macular lesions. f, g En face reconstruction of the choriocapillaris flow by OCTA demonstrating an increased area of low signal compared to b and ¢, respectively. g Structural OCT with superimposed flow signal revealing an increase of low signal compared to ¢. h Early-phase IA showing almost no sign of the hypocyanescent area seen in d
Fig. 3 Multimodal imaging analysis of the macular and peripapillary area of the right eye showing multiple lesions at different stages of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). Images a, b, ¢ and d were taken 3 days after onset of symptoms. a Color image of the fundus showing fresh lesions. b En face reconstruction of the choriocapillaris flow by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) demonstrating an area of lacking signal. ¢ Structural OCT with superimposed flow signal revealing areas with decreased flow signal. d Early phase indocyanine green angiography (IA) with a hypocyanescent area corresponding to clinically visible early lesions. Images e, f, g, and h were taken 6 months after the onset of symptoms. e Color image of the fundus showing old macular lesions. f, g En face reconstruction of the choriocapillaris flow by OCTA demonstrating an increased area of low signal compared to b and ¢, respectively. g Structural OCT with superimposed flow signal revealing an increase of low signal compared to ¢. h Early-phase IA showing almost no sign of the hypocyanescent area seen in d
Fig. 4 Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for differentiating acute inflammatory lesions from choroidal neovascularization in a myopic eye with idiopathic multifocal choroiditis. a Color photograph shows multiple yellowish-gray lesions perifoveolar and nasal the optic nerve head. b Fundus autofluorescence in this case shows unspecific mottled hypoautofluorescence of the lesions. ¢ Structural OCT scan over the lesion within the green box in panel B shows hyperreflective material below and minimal above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). d Cross-sectional OCTA of the same lesion demonstrates slightly abnormal flow above the RPE, representing type 2 neovascularization. e En face OCTA reconstruction, which shows a small choroidal neovascularization. f Structural OCT scan over the lesion within the yellow box in panel b shows hyperreflective material below the RPE and a well-defined Bruch’s membrane. g Cross-sectional OCTA shows the absence of abnormal flow beneath the RPE. The flow overlying the RPE layer represents the projection of the flow signal from the more superficial retinal circulation (projection artifact). h En face OCTA reconstruction. It looks like vascular branches of a choroidal neovascularization, but scrolling the slap through the retina represents a projection artifact
Fig. 4 Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for differentiating acute inflammatory lesions from choroidal neovascularization in a myopic eye with idiopathic multifocal choroiditis. a Color photograph shows multiple yellowish-gray lesions perifoveolar and nasal the optic nerve head. b Fundus autofluorescence in this case shows unspecific mottled hypoautofluorescence of the lesions. ¢ Structural OCT scan over the lesion within the green box in panel B shows hyperreflective material below and minimal above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). d Cross-sectional OCTA of the same lesion demonstrates slightly abnormal flow above the RPE, representing type 2 neovascularization. e En face OCTA reconstruction, which shows a small choroidal neovascularization. f Structural OCT scan over the lesion within the yellow box in panel b shows hyperreflective material below the RPE and a well-defined Bruch’s membrane. g Cross-sectional OCTA shows the absence of abnormal flow beneath the RPE. The flow overlying the RPE layer represents the projection of the flow signal from the more superficial retinal circulation (projection artifact). h En face OCTA reconstruction. It looks like vascular branches of a choroidal neovascularization, but scrolling the slap through the retina represents a projection artifact
Related topics:
OphthalmologyOptical coherence tomographyMedicineMedicine and Health SciencesIndocyanine Green AngiographyChoroidal Neovascularization
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