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Fig. 1 (A) LSVs of bare gold electrodes in a 0.3 M oxalic acid solution (black line) and 1.0 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.3 M glucose (gray line) at 0°C and v = 0.1 mV s“ under stirring. (B) Top-view SEM image of a gold foil anodized in a 0.3 M oxalic acid solution. (C) Top-view SEM image of a gold foil anodized in 1.0 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.3 M glucose. (D) Top- view SEM image of a BOD-adsorbed gold foil anodized in a 0.3 M oxalic acid aqueous solution. (E) Top-view SEM image of a POD-immobilized gold foil anodized in a 0.3 M oxalic acid aqueous solution. The scale bars in each panel show 100 nm.

Figure 1 (A) LSVs of bare gold electrodes in a 0.3 M oxalic acid solution (black line) and 1.0 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.3 M glucose (gray line) at 0°C and v = 0.1 mV s“ under stirring. (B) Top-view SEM image of a gold foil anodized in a 0.3 M oxalic acid solution. (C) Top-view SEM image of a gold foil anodized in 1.0 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.3 M glucose. (D) Top- view SEM image of a BOD-adsorbed gold foil anodized in a 0.3 M oxalic acid aqueous solution. (E) Top-view SEM image of a POD-immobilized gold foil anodized in a 0.3 M oxalic acid aqueous solution. The scale bars in each panel show 100 nm.