An Overview on Governmental Accounting Aims and Accountability

African Journal of Business Management, 2013

The intensification of the relations between government and society, whether by means of publicprivate interaction or of the participation of civil society, contributes to the appreciation of accounting in the scope of public administration. Accounting gains a new feature with this configuration. In addition to its basic capacities of registering and interpreting all phenomena, among which are public budgets, accounting may also provide citizens power and perform an active role in the socioeconomic development of a country or a community. The main objective of this article is to analyze literature on accounting from the public governance context. Specific objectives are: to comprehend the role of accounting in the process of public governance, present the experiences in Brazil and present challenges of the accounting reform in Brazil. This investigation is characterized as a qualitative, descriptive bibliographic and documental research. In the documental research we analyzed normative instruction, law and the Federal Accounting Council in Brazil, all related to the functionality of accounting in Brazil and its accounting reform. This study demonstrates that accounting presents a potential to perform the role of strengthening democracy, social control, accountability, creating a social power in the dynamic process of public governance.

African Journal of Management and Administration Vol. 5 (No.2), 2013

In this paper, the author has observed that responsibility accounting is a veritable and inevitable tool that is required in the promotion of accountability and transparency in the Nigeria public sector. He has opined that the present structure of the Nigeria public sector is bankrupt of Responsibility Accounting Process, hence the presence of “hyper corruption” in the system. He advocated that every responsible officer who has been saddled with one responsibility or the other in the public sector should be empowered and allowed to take full charge of their actions and duties so as to be held responsible for any ill-done while occupying the public office. It was therefore concluded that the Nigeria public sector could only champion the move for the realization of the vision 20:2020, the millennium development goals and other handsome programmes of the government like subsidy reinvestment programme, if the fellows at the helm of affairs of this country would pragmatically and sincerely pursue the establishment of structures that places every responsible officer on the seat of accountability. He has suggested a semi-annual or annual publications of the accounts of the various agencies of the government (Ministries, Parastatals and non-ministerial Departments), stating clearly to Nigerians the amounts of inflow and disbursements within the period with traceable service providers and actual outputs, as a sure way of promoting accountability.

Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference 2019, 2019

The system of good governance is able to realize the governance of the country clean and free from Collusion and Nepotism Corruption (UU 28 year1998). One of the steps of the Banjarbaru City Inspectorates to realize Good Corporate Governance is through the transparency of performance accountability of government agencies in managing regional finances, most of which are funded by public funds. Performance accountability of government agencies presents budget allocations and realization for implementing key tasks in achieving performance indicators. The achievement of this performance indicator can be accounted for and realized through a performance-based budget. However, in its implementation, supervision, control, responsibility and assessment of performance accountability of government agencies is needed. This is where the role of the Internal Control System is in charge of carrying out oversight of the running of the government and the management of financial areas that are clean ...

VISION: Journal of Indian Taxation, 2019

Public sector accounting is the system of accounting that involves recording and maintenance of books of accounts by the government authorities on their financial performance. There are three categories of organisations normally working in any environment: public, private and non-profit concerns. Each of these organisations are working on a different motive, for instance private sector organisations run for making more profit for their long-existence, public organisations or governments work for socioeconomic sustainable development of the country, where as NGOs are for rendering the services to the society at large. If this is the reality, it is clear that the financial transactions of each of these organisations are different from each other. So it is not possible to record their transactions as per single accounting standard. Hence, it is necessary to have different accounting standards applicable to these organisations individually. Government accounts must be available to the public in a transparent manner. To ensure this, it is necessary to have standards which are applicable to public sector to account for their financial transactions. The present paper is intended to analyse the public sector accounting system at the global level and in Indian context.

Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August, 2020

This study aims to look at the effect of implementing accrual-based government accounting standards, apparatus quality, public accountability and the Government Internal Control System on the quality of financial statements based on previous research. The study was conducted by examining articles relating to the variables of the application of accrual-based government accounting standards, apparatus quality, public accountability and Government Internal Control Systems that affect the quality of financial reports. Articles with appropriate titles are then collected for later review. Articles collected from 2010-2019 (ten years), with the consideration that the article is still quite relevant to the current conditions. Based on the articles that have been implemented, it can be concluded that the application of accrual-based government accounting standards, apparatus quality, public accountability and the Government Internal Control System have an effect on the quality of financial r...

https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.5_Issue.8_Aug2018/Abstract_IJRR0019.html, 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of budget targets clarity, reporting system, and governmental apparatus competence on the quality of performance accountability reports of government agencies with internal control as moderating variable in the Government of Deli Serdang Regency. The type of this research was associative causality. This study was conducted using survey method by distributing questionnaires to the compilers of performance accountability reports of government agencies in Deli Serdang. The population of this study was all the OPD in the Government of Deli Serdang Regency which amounted to 54 OPD, consisting of 108 respondent samples including financial and program sub-treasurer and expenditure treasurer. Data analysis method used was descriptive statistical analysis and Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis. The analysis was assisted by Smart PLS 3.0 program. The results of this study showed that the budget targets clarity and governmental apparatus competence had a significant positive effect on the quality of performance accountability reports of government agencies and reporting system had no significant negative effect on the quality of performance accountability report of government agencies, while internal control was not able to moderate the budget targets clarity, reporting system and governmental apparatus competence on the quality of performance accountability report of government agencies in Deli Serdang Regency.

The Second International Research Conference on Management and Business, 2017

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of performance based on budgeting and application of accounting standars to financial accountability of government work unit in Cimahi, Indonesia. This research is conducted due to audit result from the The Supreme Audit Board (BPK) toward the financial statement of local government at Cimahi, Indonesia which shows unoptimal result. Report from BPK showed that only some financial statement received unqualified opinion. This indicate that financial management of local goverment was still need to be corrected. Using data from a survey of chief government work unit in Cimahi, Indonesia, this research shows that partially, the implementation and of performance based on budgeting generates positive effect to financial accountability of local government work unit in Cimahi, Indonesia. Furthermore, the application of accounting standars also shows positive effect toward financial accountability of The Regional Work Force Local Government Cimahi. Thus, simultaneosly, the implementation of performance-based budgeting and the application of accounting standars give positive effect to financial accountability of the Regional Work Force Local Government Cimahi, Indonesia. Keywords : Performance Budgeting, Government Accounting Standar , financial accountability

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECENT TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & RESEARCH, 2019

The present article carries out the analysis of Public Accounting as a tool in the Internal Control, aiming at the improvement and transparency in the municipal public management. Its purpose is to expose the importance of using this area of accounting, which studies, registers, controls and demonstrates facts and data, collaborating to meet the control objective, which translates into promoting accounting, financial, budgetary and equity control in which deals with of the legality, legitimacy, economy, morality and efficiency in the administration of public resources and goods. This study is justified by the fact that they are not yet being fully complied with in Brazil, which states the Federal Constitution / 1988, the Financial Law No. 4,320 / 64 and the Fiscal Responsibility Law-Complementary Law n ° 101/2000, demonstrating the mismatch of the public administration with respect to private sector organizations. It is important to clarify for the students of the subject and for the public and private organizations, on the optimization of Internal Control, through the accounting management and its contribution to obtaining revenues, reducing expenses, aiming at the effectiveness of the management, especially the municipalities, and the necessary transparency in accountability to society. The descriptive and exploratory study presents an applied research that seeks to provide reflection and modification of an inefficient practice in Brazilian public management, due to the lack of an effective and efficient control instrument.

Economy Business, 2014

The public sector, respectively general government sector, presents a significant part of the national economy. Consumption in the public sector primarily depends on its size and the effectiveness of management. Irrational resource management has a number of negative implications for the country as a whole; increasing in public expenditure leads to an increase in the fiscal burden of population and economy. The public sector is required to achieve certain objectives with lower costs. Traditionally performance measurement moves to the efficient and effective delivery of public services. An appropriate accounting system is required to be designed to provide overall information about all aspects of government activity in order to make political, economic and social decisions and evaluation responsibilities of public managers. These objectives can be achieved only by accepting the full accrual basis of accounting. The adoption of the accrual basis, incorporating the budget into the accounting system and harmonization of accounting and statistical bases are the main features of new, improved government accounting system. This system provides an information basis for the presentation of such financial statements which include complete information about the reporting entity in a manner that meets the objectives of financial reporting and enables decision-making and evaluation responsibilities. Since the goal of government entities is not to make profit, but to provide services to citizens in order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to measure and report about success of providing established services beside financial, for the evaluation of the impact of current decisions on future generations, today, presentation of report on fiscal sustainability is required. New Public Management and accrual accounting base are the best way to improve public sector management and raise the efficiency and transparency, since the decisions of public managers are based in most cases on the reports that are the product of accounting.

This Introduction to the Edward Elgar Handbook of Accounting, Accountability and Governance puts the collection of chapters making up the Handbook into context. The general philosophy of the Handbook is that accounting, accountability and governance go beyond being technical practices to be learned, adopted and repeated, and must be studied as social and moral practices. The chapters making up the five parts of the Handbook are outlined. Part I considers past and present perspectives on accounting, accountability and governance. Part II examines various mechanisms for accounting, accountability and governance, including audit, assurance and different forms of accounting. Part III considers accounting, accountability and governance in diverse contexts and sectors, including junior stock markets, emerging economies, higher education, the public sector, hybrid organizations and Islamic financial institutions. Part IV reviews some new perspectives on accounting, accountability and governance, including counter accounts and spotlight accounting, as well as the application of ideas of governmentality to accounting, accountability and governance. Part V considers some future directions and notes how the recent COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped accounting, accountability and governance relationships and mechanisms. The Introduction finishes with some indications of how the Handbook may be used in teaching and research. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Accounting, accountability and governance are interrelated. Our statement above seeks to provide an appreciation of the fit of these three major elements of human life. Which of these elements started first? This question resembles the often-posed question in everyday life: "What came first-the chicken or the egg?" The rooster, however, barely gets a mention. According to Pilcher and Gilchrist (2019, p. 1), in their volume on accounting, accountability and governance in the public sector, "accounting is where it begins". We are not willing to make a claim of this kind. What is important for us in editing this volume for an international audience is to instigate, assemble and provide a range of examinations of how accounting, accountability and governance interrelate as the three sides of a triangle. Fundamentally, accounting performs accountability, accountability nurtures governance, governance presumes accounting. To elaborate on our one-sentence summary above, accounting is not just concerned with accountability, but accountability contributes to an understanding of the need for accounting in organizations and societies. On the other hand, governance is more than accounting can deliver alone but is designed to draw on accounting for governance to be enabled and sus