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Abstract
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Sweet Potato as Animal Feed and Fodder

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2012, Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology

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Abstract

Alternative sources of livestock feed to spur livestock production and to free cereal supplies for human consumption are receiving closer attention. Sweet potato has higher biological efficiency as food and shows highest productivity (35-45 t ha-1). It has relatively short vegetative cycle (4-5 months). Hence, fits nicely into tight cropping systems. It also competes better with weeds than other root and tuber crops. The DM content of sweet potato varieties ranges from 21.70 to 34.78% which is more than cassava. Its tubers can be given to all ruminants as fresh, chopped tubers, dried chips and silage for energy supplements along with locally available grasses during the dry season. Sweet potato vine and foliage is a common feed for pigs, and other livestock, in many countries, including China, India, and a few eastern islands of Indonesia (Bali and Irian Jaya), Korea, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, Uganda and Vietnam. Sweet potato vines, commonly left unused, can also be used as a protein feed for animals. The skin and leaf tips contain comparatively higher protein, 50-90% and 18-21%, respectively. Tubers also contain essential amino acids, with the exception of the sulfur-containing amino acids, especially cystine/cysteine. Digestibility of tubers appears to be a problem in some countries for some varieties that are grown under certain types of conditions. Selections of varieties with low trypsin inhibitor activities help expand the plant's potential for wider use as an animal feed in developing countries. The main constraints to using sweet potato vines as pig feed are labor and storage. Sweet potato roots are the good source energy (3500 kcal kg-1) for poultry. The digestibility of sweet potato carbohydrate fraction is reported to be above 90%. From dual purpose lines, DM yield of 4.3-6.0 t ha-1 from foliage could be obtained. The main reasons for adoption of dual-purpose sweet potato are economical viability owing to relatively high yields, net returns and crude protein (CP) content of the fodder.

FAQs

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AI

What are the nutritional advantages of sweet potato over traditional livestock feeds?add

Sweet potato contains higher starch production rates of 30% more per unit area than maize, with average DM yields of 8.75 t/ha. Additionally, it has a digestibility rate above 90% for carbohydrates, making it an efficient energy source for livestock.

How does sweet potato utilization as livestock feed vary across continents?add

In Asia, over 90% of sweet potato is utilized mainly for pigs and cattle, with uncooked roots often fed directly. Meanwhile, Brazil uses approximately 35% of production for animal feed, mainly for cattle, highlighting regional differences in feed practices.

What processing methods enhance the use of sweet potato in animal rations?add

Fermenting sweet potato vines with chicken manure significantly increases crude protein content and feed efficiency. Ensiling sweet potato roots has also been shown to achieve comparable pig growth rates to cooked roots but with lower labor costs.

What challenges exist in using sweet potato as animal feed?add

Sweet potato roots have low starch digestibility due to trypsin inhibitors, requiring cooking for enhanced protein uptake. Additionally, their short shelf life necessitates daily preparation, complicating their utility compared to more storable feeds.

How are dual-purpose sweet potato varieties developed for food and fodder?add

Researchers are focusing on creating varieties that provide both high tuber yields averaging 8 t/ha and significant fodder production of 14.6 t/ha. This dual utility is critical as global demand rises for both sweet potato consumption and livestock feed.

Figures (4)
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION five most important food crops in developing countries in terms of total production (Phuc et a/. 2001). Although the sweet potato is of New World origin, over 90% is produced in Asia; 85% in China alone. While sweet potato production and area planted in Africa practically doubled over the last three decades, they remain less than 5% and 15% respec- tively of developing country totals (FAO 2011). Latin Ame- rica accounts for about 2% of output and 3% of area planted. Sweet potato is cultivated for food in more than 100 countries. The area under cultivation was 8.5 million ha in 2009 and the worldwide tuber yield was 12648 kg/ha (FAO 2010). Sweet potato tuber is one of only seven world food crops with an annual production of more than 100 million metric tons. Average tubers yields are 5 t/ha in Africa, 10 t/ha in South America and 16 t/ha in Asia. Sweet potato tuber is considered a major staple food only in a few coun- Keywords: concentrate, dual purpose variety, root crops, silage, nutrition Abbreviations: CF, crude fiber; CP, crude protein; DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; ME, metabolic energy; NFE, nitrogen free extract; PER, protein efficiency ratio Many developing countries are under increasing pressure to make more effective use of available resources in the agri- cultural sector both to satisfy the growing demand for live- stock products and to raise rural incomes by generating additional value addition through processing (Scott et al. 1993). The cost of balancing domestic demand for livestock products with feed or livestock imports has become prohib- itively expensive. The prospects for increasing in the output of cereals of the magnitude required to meet livestock and human requirements remain problematic. Consequently, alternative sources of livestock feed both to spur domestic livestock production and to free cereal supplies for human consumption are receiving closer attention. “YTNT &. & aa
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION five most important food crops in developing countries in terms of total production (Phuc et a/. 2001). Although the sweet potato is of New World origin, over 90% is produced in Asia; 85% in China alone. While sweet potato production and area planted in Africa practically doubled over the last three decades, they remain less than 5% and 15% respec- tively of developing country totals (FAO 2011). Latin Ame- rica accounts for about 2% of output and 3% of area planted. Sweet potato is cultivated for food in more than 100 countries. The area under cultivation was 8.5 million ha in 2009 and the worldwide tuber yield was 12648 kg/ha (FAO 2010). Sweet potato tuber is one of only seven world food crops with an annual production of more than 100 million metric tons. Average tubers yields are 5 t/ha in Africa, 10 t/ha in South America and 16 t/ha in Asia. Sweet potato tuber is considered a major staple food only in a few coun- Keywords: concentrate, dual purpose variety, root crops, silage, nutrition Abbreviations: CF, crude fiber; CP, crude protein; DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; ME, metabolic energy; NFE, nitrogen free extract; PER, protein efficiency ratio Many developing countries are under increasing pressure to make more effective use of available resources in the agri- cultural sector both to satisfy the growing demand for live- stock products and to raise rural incomes by generating additional value addition through processing (Scott et al. 1993). The cost of balancing domestic demand for livestock products with feed or livestock imports has become prohib- itively expensive. The prospects for increasing in the output of cereals of the magnitude required to meet livestock and human requirements remain problematic. Consequently, alternative sources of livestock feed both to spur domestic livestock production and to free cereal supplies for human consumption are receiving closer attention. “YTNT &. & aa
Source: FAO, 2011 Table 1 Different parts of sweet potato use as animal feed in Asia.
Source: FAO, 2011 Table 1 Different parts of sweet potato use as animal feed in Asia.
Table 2 Different parts of sweet potato use as animal feed in Africa and South America.
Table 2 Different parts of sweet potato use as animal feed in Africa and South America.
Source: Sankaran et al. 2008 Table 3 Nutrient composition of different varieties of sweet potato tubers.
Source: Sankaran et al. 2008 Table 3 Nutrient composition of different varieties of sweet potato tubers.

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Ram A Kaushik

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018

This study was carried out to evaluate best germplasm of sweet potato for physiochemical characters. For this, research work was carried out in sixteen diversified sweet potato germplasm under randomized block design with three replications at Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. All parameters were observed at the end of harvest of crop. Results revealed that sweet potato vines are rich in nutritive value as protien content in vines ranges from 3.02 % to 7.38% while magnesium ranges 443.73 ppm to 471.84 ppm and this crop can be utilized as an alternative feed resource for ruminants to reduce competition between animals and humans.

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Nutritional Evaluation of Sweet Potato Vines from Twelve Cultivars as Feed for Ruminant Animals
Aminu Nasiru

Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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Biochemical evaluation for the selection of suitable processed products in sweet potato cultivars
Victor S I N G H Ayam

Fifteen cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) were harvested from the field of (All India Coordinated Research Project on Tuber Crops) AICRPT, Horticulture Research Station, Mandouri and the analysis of biochemical composition was carried out to determine the best nutritive cultivars suitable for making the various process products. It was observed that total soluble solids (TSS) ranged from Sree Bhadra (6.20°Brix) to TSP 12-4(10.30°Brix), dry matter from 90/101(15.5 %) to X-9(33.1 %), moisture content 90/101 (84.50%) to X-9 (66.20%). Total sugars were 5.31 to 9.54 % in cultivar TSP 12-10 and TSP 12-4, respectively. The reducing sugar content ranged from TSP 12-10 (1.04 %)to ST-14 (1.98 %), followed by non-reducing sugars are from TSP 12-7 (3.65 %) to TSP 12-4 (7.95 %). The total carbohydrate content ranged from TSP 12-8 (18.86 %) to TSP 12-1 (28.63 %), protein content from 1.28 % in TSP 12-5 to 3.56 % in ST-14. β-Carotene content differed quite significantly and ranged from 1.29 mg to 13.4 mg/100g in ST-14 and TSP 12-10, respectively. The starch content of the sweet potato cultivars varied significantly from 90/101(9.20 %) to Kishan (22.40 %). This study help in selecting the best nutritive cultivars suitable for making various processed products such as chips and crisps, production of alcohol, flour, snacks, noodles, jam, candies, snacks or biscuits and maltose as a sweetener. Certain high protein cultivars like ST-14, TSP 12-10, BESP-14 etc. were also recommended for cultivation in malnourished areas. Further, a study on the bioactive components and processing can be carried out for the future commercialization.

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A Review on Post-Harvest Profile of Sweet Potato
Prostuti Chakravorty

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

They are featured in many favourite dishes in Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, and other island nations. Indonesia, Vietnam, India, and some other Asian countries are also large sweet potato growers (Onwueme, 1978). Early records have indicated that the sweet potato is a staple food source for many indigenous populations in Central and South Americas, Ryukyu Island, Africa, the Caribbean, the Maori people, Hawaiians, and Papua New Guineans. Protein contents of sweet potato leaves and roots range from 4.0% to 27.0% and 1.0% to 9.0%,

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Bioconversion of Sweet Potato Leaves to Animal Feed
John Egbere

Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2015

Background: The high cost of conventional animal feed ingredients in Nigeria has made it necessary to search for alternative local sources of feed. Crop residues including sweet potato leaves abound in Nigeria. These have been explored as feed sources. The ability of microorganisms to convert agricultural wastes to more useful products could be harnessed to produce feed from sweet potato leaves which can be obtained in high abundance at low cost. Aim: To examine the possibility of converting sweet potato leaves to animal feed through fermentation with a co-culture of Chaetomium globosum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Materials and Methods: Triplicate samples of sweet potato leaves were fermented with a coculture of C. globosum and S. cerevisiae for 21 days at 25±2°C and the effects of fermentatio n on Original Research Article

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