Spain in Space
A short history of Spanish activity in the space sector
by José M. Dorado, Manuel Bautista and Pedro Sanz-Aránguez, Drs. IA
HSR-26
August 2002
a
ii
Short Title
:
Spain in Space
Published by
:ESA Publications DivisionESTEC, PO Box 2992200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands
Editor
:R.A. Harris
Price
:
€
10
ISSN
:1683-4704
ISBN
:92-9092-534-5
Copyright
:© 2002 The European Space Agency
Printed in
:The Netherlands
iii
Contents
1Introduction
.....................................................................................................................11.1 Origins, Development and Future....................................................................................1
2Collaboration with NASA
..........................................................................................32.1 The Seminar on Space Science and Technology (1960)................................................32.2 The Maspalomas Station (1960 – 1975)..........................................................................32.3 The Robledo de Chavela Station (1964 – 2001 and later) .............................................42.4 The Arenosillo Launch Range (from 1966)....................................................................52.5 The Cebreros Station (1966 – 1983)................................................................................52.6 The Fresnedillas Station (1967 – 1985)...........................................................................62.7 Intasat (1974 – 1976)........................................................................................................62.8 The Space Shuttle Emergency landing (from 1983).......................................................6
3Collaboration with ESA
..............................................................................................93.1 Participation in COPERS.................................................................................................93.2 Participation in ESRO ................................................................................................... 103.3 Non-participation in ELDO........................................................................................... 103.4 The 1967 crisis............................................................................................................... 103.5 Stability in ESA and the integration of the industry.................................................... 123.6 Spanish industry and ESA............................................................................................. 123.7 Spanish science and ESA.............................................................................................. 143.8 ESA facilities in Spain................................................................................................... 163.9 Spanish institutions and ESA........................................................................................ 16
4National Plans
.............................................................................................................. 194.1 The Preparatory Programme (1964 – 1967)................................................................. 19
4.1.1Technological activities
............................................................................................. 19
4.1.2Scientific Activities
.................................................................................................... 204.2 The First National Space Plan (1968 – 1974).............................................................. 21
4.2.1Technology activities
................................................................................................. 21
4.2.2Scientific Activities
.................................................................................................... 234.3 National Space Activities Since 1975 .......................................................................... 24
4.3.11975 – 1986 (CONIE)
................................................................................................ 24
4.3.21986 onwards (CDTI)
................................................................................................ 254.4 Developments Sponsored by the MoD......................................................................... 25
4.4.1Guided Vehicle INTA 300 G
....................................................................................... 25
4.4.2The INTA 100 Sounding Rocket
.................................................................................. 26
4.4.3The Capricornio Launcher
......................................................................................... 26
4.4.4Minisat and Nanosat Satellites
................................................................................... 26
4.4.5The Arenosillo Launch Range
.................................................................................... 27