WO2025239754A1 - Method and device for transmitting sensing message - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a method by which a first device performs wireless communication and a device supporting same. The first device may: sense an object on the basis of a sensing signal; acquire a sensing message on the basis of the sensing; and transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted on the basis of a transport configuration related to the sensing message.

Description

Method and device for transmitting sensing messages

The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E delay 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps/Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km/hr Satellite integration completely AI completely autonomous driving completely XR completely haptic communication completely

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: performing sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; obtaining a sensing message based on the sensing; and transmitting the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; obtain a sensing message based on the sensing; and transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; obtain a sensing message based on the sensing; and transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing commands may be provided. For example, the commands, when executed, may cause a first device to: perform sensing of an object based on a sensing signal; obtain a sensing message based on the sensing; and transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message between a location management function (LMF) and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) protocol data unit (PDU) transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 14 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and/or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

As used herein, a slash (/) or a comma may mean "and/or." For example, "A/B" may mean "A and/or B." Accordingly, "A/B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell/node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications)/GPRS (general packet radio service)/EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node/cell, a TRP, a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and/or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and/or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and/or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and/or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and/or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and/or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled/transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and/or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and/or control information on the data channel.

In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and/or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and/or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and/or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and/or channel decoding.

For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering/integrity protection.

For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and/or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and/or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and/or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and/or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

Table 2 below illustrates the number of symbols per slot (N ^slot _symb ), the number of slots per frame (N ^frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N ^subframe,u _slot ) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or _extended CP is used.

CP type SCS (15*2 ^u ) N ^slot _symb N ^frame,u _slot N ^{subframes, u} _slots Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 14 10 1 30kHz (u=1) 14 20 2 60kHz (u=2) 14 40 4 120kHz (u=3) 14 80 8 240kHz (u=4) 14 160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 12 40 4

For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz/60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and/or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP. For energy saving, if the UE does not detect downlink control information (DCI) for a certain period of time, the UE can switch its active BWP to the default BWP.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

For example, the BWP can be set by a point A, an offset from point A (N ^start _BWP ), and a bandwidth (N ^size _BWP ). For example, point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

- Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

- THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

- Large-scale MIMO technology

- Hologram beamforming (HBF)

- Optical wireless technology

- Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

- Quantum communication

- Cell-free communication

- Integration of wireless information and power transmission

- Integration of wireless communication and sensing

- Integrated access and backhaul network

- Big data analysis

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface

- metaverse

- Block chain

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

- Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

- Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and/or objects within the environment.

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and/or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and/or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

For example, a terminal can obtain information about the environment and/or the characteristics of objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications that provide, for example, intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and traffic management, and more. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, e.g., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and (b) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter can transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal can be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station/terminal. For example, a sensing receiver can receive a signal scattered/reflected by one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. For example, in the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered/reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated/obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result can include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing results generated/obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and/or environments) or provided/disclosed to a trusted third party.

For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing receiver. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing receiver may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing transmitter. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and/or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and/or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is less than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is greater than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal on a wireless interface that may be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal may transmit sensing signals over a 3GPP wireless interface that may be used for sensing purposes.

For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of target channel components and background channel components. For example, this can be obtained based on mathematical equation 1.

Here, for example, the target channel H _target may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, the background channel H _Background may include other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it is often referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target is more easily detectable. For example, in a radar sensor measurement, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, the received power may be based on the RCS of the target, among other factors. For example, the received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the RCS of a target may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and/or the target illumination.

FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, range (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to Figure 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar mathematical formula may be defined as in Equation 2.

Here, for example, P _TX can be the transmitter power [W], G _TX can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m ² ], P _RX can be the power received back by the EUT from the object [W], and A _eff can be the effective area of the receiving antenna [m ² ]. For example, A _eff can be obtained based on Equation 3.

Here, for example, G _RX can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c/f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m/s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

For example, if the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the same antenna is used for transmission and reception (G _TX = G _RX = G), the relevant radar equation can be defined as Equation 4.

Here, for example, P _TX can be the transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m ² ], and P _RX can be the power received back by the EUT from the object [W].

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message between a location management function (LMF) and a UE, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

LPP PDUs can be transmitted via non-access stratum (NAS) PDUs between an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a UE. Referring to FIG. 10, LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a secure user plane location (SUPL) enabled terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP) in the user plane). LPP messages can be conveyed in the form of transparent PDUs over an intermediate network interface using a suitable protocol, such as NGAP (NG application protocol) over the NG-C (NG-control plane) interface, NAS/RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

For example, a target device and a location server can exchange capability information, positioning assistance data, and/or location information via the LPP protocol. For example, LPP messages can be used to exchange error information and/or indicate the termination of an LPP procedure.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) protocol data units (PDUs) between LMFs and NG-RAN nodes, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

NRPPa can be used to exchange information between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange enhanced-cell IDs (E-CIDs) for measurements transmitted from ng-eNBs to LMFs, data to support the observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning method, cell IDs for NR cell ID positioning methods, and cell location IDs.

Previously, NR positioning up to Release 17 only supported network-based Uu positioning, which performs location search under the connection between the target UE and the network (gNB/LMF). On the other hand, NR Release 18 and later supports sidelink positioning (SL positioning) using sidelink communication. Sidelink positioning is a new method of performing positioning operations by exchanging positioning reference signals through a direct connection with anchor UEs around the target UE, rather than a base station. Positioning operations at the physical layer are performed by transmitting and measuring SL PRS (sidelink positioning reference signal) between the target UE and the anchor UE.

Meanwhile, Uu positioning uses the LPP protocol. An LPP session is a point-to-point communication protocol between a target UE and an LMF. Through the LPP protocol, the target UE receives positioning information from the LMF. The LMF configures the target UE and the base station (gNB) through the LPP protocol and the NRPPa protocol, respectively, and performs positioning operations by exchanging positioning-related messages. Meanwhile, in Release 18's sidelink positioning, the target UE, server UE (or LMF), and anchor UE exchange sidelink positioning protocol messages to perform positioning operations. Sidelink positioning uses the sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) to exchange configuration and messages between UEs.

Conventionally, LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) positioning messages are transported and transmitted through the control plane or the data plane (user plane). Here, the transport method of LPP positioning messages is determined by the commercialization method of the positioning service. Furthermore, the configuration of the positioning server varies depending on the transport method. When LMF is used as the positioning server, positioning messages are transmitted through the control plane. When SLP is used as the positioning server, positioning messages are transmitted through the data plane. LPP control plane transport is performed through NAS signaling. Here, the LPP protocol connects the LMF and the UE on a point-to-point basis. Here, positioning messages between the UE and the LMF are transmitted through RRC transfer and NAS transfer. DL NAS transport messages and UL NAS transport messages are converted into DL information transfer messages and UL information transfer messages, respectively, at the RRC layer and established through a signaling radio bearer (SRB). The LPP data plane transport method utilizes a data connection over TCP/IP. Since data connections are used, positioning messages are established via a data radio bearer (DRB). This method references the specifications defined by OMA.

Meanwhile, LPP positioning messages are transmitted and received using the same messages and procedures defined in the standard, regardless of the transport method. This means that different positioning servers, layering, and transport methods are used depending on the commercialization method. Because different servers and layering methods are used depending on the transport method, different transport methods cannot be used interchangeably.

Traditionally, each transport method used in LPP positioning messages has its own advantages and disadvantages. When using the control plane transport method, control signals are transmitted over the signaling radio bearer (SRB), enabling faster transmission than other data during the multiplexing phase. When using the data plane transport method, control signals are transmitted over the data radio bearer (DRB) at the upper layer of TCP/IP, enabling implementation independent of the RAN network. However, because this method is transmitted as data, it does not guarantee the fast transmission required by the control signals.

Traditionally, SLPP uses a data layer transport method, meaning SLPP messages are transmitted between UEs via the PC5-U interface. This decision was made for two main reasons. First, the PC5-RRC procedure for establishing a PC5-S connection introduces significant delays. Second, PC5-S currently (based on 5G) only supports unicast, requiring additional modifications to support groupcast and broadcast. Therefore, SLPP uses a data layer transport method.

Traditionally, the transport methods for LPP and SLPP positioning messages each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, one method was chosen based on these considerations. However, sensing messages present a different problem than positioning operations.

For example, when transporting sensing messages to the control plane, sensing messages can be transmitted quickly because they have a higher priority than other DRB data during the multiplexing stage. However, if large-sized sensing messages are continuously transmitted, other DRB data transmission may be excessively delayed or may not be transmitted for a certain period of time. Furthermore, sensing data can be divided into 3GPP sensing data and non-3GPP sensing data, and non-3GPP sensing data may include sensor data such as cameras, lidars, and radars. This data may require post-processing at a sensing server. For this processing, sensing data collection is required. When transporting large amounts of raw data to the control plane, the delay in transmission of other DRB data may become more serious.

For example, when transporting a sensing message to the data plane (user plane), the transmission priority between other DRB data and the sensing message is determined at the multiplexing stage based on information such as priority and delay budget. For fast transmission, the sensing message can be set to the highest priority. However, since the DRB has a lower transmission priority than the SRB, and other DRBs can also have higher priorities, the best transmission priority is not always guaranteed. In addition, if the sensing message is set to the highest priority to guarantee the transmission priority, the transmission of other DRB data may be excessively delayed or may not be transmitted for a certain period of time, as in the control plane transport method.

Therefore, a method for effectively transmitting sensing messages is needed. The present disclosure proposes a transport method for effectively transmitting sensing messages and a device supporting the same.

Conventionally, the transport methods used in LTE and NR systems are statically determined. For example, the transport methods used in LTE and NR systems are defined in standards. In contrast, the present disclosure proposes a dynamically configured transport method with varying granularity. This disclosure moves beyond the conventional method of transporting all messages using a single method, allowing the transport method to be actively configured based on various situations and conditions, such as the characteristics and usage of the message.

For example, the transport method specified in the present disclosure can be divided into various forms. For example, in the present disclosure, the transport configuration can be divided into a control plane and a data plane (user plane). Here, for example, a sensing message determined as a control plane transport method can be transmitted through a communication path for signaling transmission. For example, a sensing message determined as a data plane transport method can be transmitted through a communication path for data transmission. For example, if a PDCP layer is used, a different PDCP type can be set for each transport. In addition, for example, in the present disclosure, the transport configuration can be divided into a signaling radio bearer (SRB) and a data radio bearer (DRB). In addition, for example, in the present disclosure, the transport configuration can be divided into a primary DRB (similar to a conventional SRB) and a secondary DRB (similar to a conventional DRB). In addition, for example, in the present disclosure, transport settings can be broadly defined as network slicing, which can be divided into different slice types. Here, for example, different transport settings can be set to different QoS (e.g., priority and delay budget) values. In this case, for example, by comparing sensing messages with other data and transmitting them in a multiplexing step according to the set QoS, the transmission delay of a specific sensing message and the transmission delay/inability of other data due to the transmission of the sensing message can be resolved.

For convenience of explanation, the terms SRB and (primary/secondary) DRB are used below. However, this is for convenience of explanation, and all of the transport methods listed above can be applied.

For example, transport settings can be configured based on various criteria. For example, transport settings can be configured differently for each message, for each size, for each latency budget, for each transmission/report cycle, for each data sensor (3GPP or non-3GPP), for each message destination, and/or for each compressed message. In this case, for example, transport settings can be configured according to the characteristics and purpose of the message to be transmitted, thereby enabling more effective transmission of sensing messages. Below, a transport configuration method is described. The methods proposed in this disclosure can be combined with each other.

Method 1) Set by sensing message

For example, different transport methods may be established to satisfy different characteristics of messages with different characteristics, e.g., sensing data messages (e.g., sensing data/result exposure, sensing measurement report, etc.) and other sensing messages (e.g., sensing capability exchange, sensing assistance data transfer, etc.).

For example, sensing data messages (e.g., sensing data/result disclosure, sensing measurement report, etc.) may be set to DRB (or secondary DRB), while other sensing messages (e.g., sensing capability exchange, sensing assistance data transfer, etc.) may be set to SRB (or primary DRB).

For example, sensing data messages (e.g., sensing data/result disclosure, sensing measurement report, etc.) may be transmitted or received based on the data domain and/or DRB (or secondary DRB), and/or other sensing messages (e.g., sensing capability exchange, sensing assistance data transfer, etc.) may be transmitted or received based on the control domain and/or SRB (or primary DRB).

Method 2) Set according to sensing message size

For example, a sensing message having a relatively large size may be set to a DRB (or secondary DRB), while a sensing message having a relatively small size may be set to an SRB (or primary DRB).

For this purpose, for example, a data size threshold can be set. For example, if the size of the sensing message is greater than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message can be set to a DRB (or secondary DRB), and conversely, if the size of the sensing message is less than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message can be set to an SRB (or primary DRB).

For example, a sensing message having a size greater than a threshold value may be transmitted or received based on a data region and/or a DRB (or a secondary DRB), and/or a sensing message having a size less than a threshold value may be transmitted or received based on a control region and/or a SRB (or a primary DRB).

Method 3) Set according to the sensing message latency budget

For example, a sensing message that is relatively small in size and requires fast transmission may be set as an SRB (or primary DRB), while a sensing message that is large in size and does not require fast transmission may be set as a DRB (or secondary DRB).

For this purpose, for example, a latency threshold may be set. For example, if the latency requirement of the sensing message is greater than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message may be set to a DRB (or secondary DRB), and conversely, if the latency requirement of the sensing message is less than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message may be set to an SRB (or primary DRB).

For example, sensing messages having delay requirements greater than a threshold value may be transmitted or received based on the data domain and/or DRB (or secondary DRB), and/or sensing messages having delay requirements less than the threshold value may be transmitted or received based on the control domain and/or SRB (or primary DRB).

Method 4) Set according to the sensing message report cycle

For example, for a sensing message that requires an immediate response, the sensing message may be set to SRB (or primary DRB), whereas for a sensing message that requires a periodic response that collects and transmits sensing data over a period of time, the sensing message may be set to DRB (or secondary DRB).

For this purpose, for example, a period threshold may be set. For example, if the time required to respond to a sensing message is greater than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message may be set as a DRB (or secondary DRB), and conversely, if the time required to respond to a sensing message is less than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message may be set as an SRB (or primary DRB).

For example, a sensing message requiring a response time greater than a threshold may be transmitted or received based on the data domain and/or DRB (or secondary DRB), and/or a sensing message requiring a response time less than the threshold may be transmitted or received based on the control domain and/or SRB (or primary DRB).

Method 5) Settings according to sensor type

For example, when transmitting 3GPP sensing data, it can be transmitted to the base station via SRB (e.g., RRC). For example, since the message must be interpreted by the base station to utilize ISAC functions such as base station sensing-assisted communication, it can be configured as SRB (e.g., RRC). On the other hand, non-3GPP sensing data may require different data transmission rates depending on the sensor type. For example, according to the 3GPP technical report, cameras and radars require a transmission rate of 10 Mbps, while lidar requires 90 Mbps. Therefore, DRBs with different characteristics can be configured for each sensor. Note that the above sensor-specific requirements are only examples and can be configured more diversely depending on hardware specifications and implementation. For example, transmitting non-3GPP sensing data via a data domain transport method can be suitable for these various transmission rate requirements. For this purpose, for example, a transport method can be configured for each sensor type.

Method 6) Set according to the destination of the message

For example, if the destination is a base station, the sensing message can be set to SRB (e.g., RRC). For example, if the destination is AMF, the sensing message can be set to SRB (e.g., NAS). On the other hand, if the destination is a third-party server, for example, the 3GPP node (base station and/or core network) does not need to interpret the sensing message, so the sensing message does not need to be set to SRB. In addition, for example, since such data is likely to be a large amount of raw data by nature, the sensing message can be set to DRB. For this purpose, for example, the destination of the sensing message can be set. In addition, for example, the transport method can be set for each destination.

Method 7) Settings according to compression method

For example, transmission efficiency can be improved by compressing and transmitting a large-capacity sensing data message. Here, for example, if the compression method is a 3GPP compression method (e.g., CSI compression using an intelligent network), the sensing message can be set to SRB. On the other hand, if, for example, the compression method cannot be restored (restored as a compressed file, uncompressed) at a 3GPP node (base station and/or core network), the sensing message does not need to be set to SRB. In this case, for example, the sensing message can be set to DRB.

For this purpose, for example, sensing messages requiring compression and a compression method for each message can be set. In addition, for example, a transport method for each compressed message (or compression method) can be set.

Method 8) Set up a separate transport method specialized for sensing messages.

For example, a new radio bearer type may be used for sensing messages, different from the conventional SRB or DRB. For example, a new data region (or new control region) may be defined for sensing messages, different from the conventional control region or data region. For example, the new radio bearer type may have the same transmission priority as the SRB or the same transmission priority as the DRB, depending on the priority value within the bearer. For example, the new data region (or new control region) may have the same transmission priority as the conventional control region or the same transmission priority as the conventional data region, depending on the priority value. Here, for example, in the case of the same priority as the DRB, the transmission priority may be determined by comparing it with the priorities of other DRB data. For this purpose, for example, a new radio bearer type, a new data region, or a new control region for sensing messages may be introduced, and different priorities may be set for each characteristic.

Below, the transport setup procedure is described.

Method 1) The transport mode can be set during the radio bearer setup phase. For example, the UE and the network can set this during the initial network registration process. For example, this can be used at least for the initial sensing message transmission.

Method 2) The transport method can be set during the sensing session setup phase. For example, the transport method can be set during the sensing session setup process. For example, the agreed-upon method can be used for the initial sensing message transmission/reception.

Method 3) The transport method can be set when requesting each sensing message. For example, the transport method of the response sensing message can be set in the requesting sensing message.

For example, if the above-mentioned setup procedures/methods are set in duplicate, priorities can be determined. For example, Method 3 may have the highest priority, followed by Method 2, and finally Method 1. Alternatively, for example, the priorities can be set in reverse order.

Additionally, for example, to simplify configuration, multiple transport methods and configuration values can be preset, each configuration value can be assigned an index, and the transport methods and configuration values can be set/changed using the index value. Furthermore, for example, to simplify configuration, a default transport method for a sensing service can be preset, and only the parts that need to be applied differently can be set. For example, if no transport is configured, the method defined/configured as the default can be used. Thus, a specific transport method can be configured only when necessary for a specific message and/or a specific sensor type.

For example, in the present disclosure, a “specific threshold” may mean a threshold that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a “specific set value” may mean a value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, “set by the network/base station” may mean an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE via higher layer RRC signaling, sets/signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

For example, in the present disclosure, a message may be interpreted as being replaced with at least one of a control message, a data message, a signal, a data signal, and/or a control signal. For example, in the present disclosure, various names are exemplary and may be replaced/considered with other names that perform the same/similar function based on the content described in each step (regardless of the name).

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, the first device may perform sensing on an object based on a sensing signal. In step S1220, the first device may obtain a sensing message based on the sensing. In step S1230, the first device may transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on transport settings associated with the sensing message.

For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on the transport settings related to the characteristics or purpose of the sensing message.

For example, based on whether the sensing message relates to at least one of sensing capability exchange or sensing assistance data transfer, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a configuration related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a configuration related to a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the sensing message being related to at least one of sensing data, a sensing result, or a sensing measurement result, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a data area, a configuration related to a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

Additionally, for example, the first device can obtain information about thresholds associated with the transport settings.

For example, based on the size of the sensing message being less than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a setting related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a setting related to a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the size of the sensing message being greater than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the time required to transmit the sensing message being less than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a setting related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a setting related to a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the time required to transmit the sensing message being greater than or equal to the threshold, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the sensing message including sensing data related to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), the sensing message may be transmitted based on settings related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the sensing message including non-3GPP related sensing data, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the destination of the sensing message being a 3GPP-related node, the sensing message may be transmitted based on settings related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the destination of the sensing message being a non-3GPP related node, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the application of the 3GPP compression method to the sensing message, the sensing message may be transmitted based on settings related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the non-3GPP compression method being applied to the sensing message, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a data area, a configuration related to a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on an area for the sensing message that is distinct from a control area and a data area.

The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can perform sensing of an object based on a sensing signal. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain a sensing message based on the sensing. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message can be transmitted based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; obtain a sensing message based on the sensing; and transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; obtain a sensing message based on the sensing; and transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing commands may be provided. For example, the commands, when executed, may cause a first device to: perform sensing of an object based on a sensing signal; obtain a sensing message based on the sensing; and transmit the sensing message. For example, the sensing message may be transmitted based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

FIG. 13 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 13, in step S1310, the second device may transmit or receive a sensing signal. In step S1320, the second device may receive a sensing message obtained based on the sensing signal. For example, the sensing message may be received based on transport settings associated with the sensing message.

For example, the sensing message may be received based on the transport settings related to the characteristics or purpose of the sensing message.

For example, based on the sensing message being related to at least one of sensing capability exchange or sensing assistance data transfer, the sensing message may be received based on a configuration related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a configuration related to a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the sensing message being related to at least one of sensing data, a sensing result, or a sensing measurement result, the sensing message may be received based on a data area, a configuration related to a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the size of the sensing message being less than or equal to a threshold value, the sensing message may be received based on a configuration related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a configuration related to a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the size of the sensing message being greater than or equal to a threshold value, the sensing message may be received based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the time required for transmission of the sensing message being less than or equal to a threshold, the sensing message may be received based on a configuration related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a configuration related to a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the time required for transmission of the sensing message being greater than or equal to a threshold, the sensing message may be received based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the sensing message including sensing data related to 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), the sensing message may be received based on settings related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the sensing message including non-3GPP related sensing data, the sensing message may be received based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the destination of the sensing message being a 3GPP-related node, the sensing message may be received based on settings related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the destination of the sensing message being a non-3GPP related node, the sensing message may be received based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the application of the 3GPP compression method to the sensing message, the sensing message may be received based on a setting related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a setting related to a primary data radio bearer.

For example, based on the non-3GPP compression method being applied to the sensing message, the sensing message may be received based on a data area, a configuration related to a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer.

For example, the sensing message may be received based on an area for the sensing message that is distinct from a control area and a data area.

The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit or receive a sensing signal. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a sensing message obtained based on the sensing signal. For example, the sensing message can be received based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit or receive a sensing signal; and receive a sensing message obtained based on the sensing signal. For example, the sensing message may be received based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit or receive a sensing signal; and receive a sensing message obtained based on the sensing signal. For example, the sensing message may be received based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing commands may be provided. For example, the commands, when executed, may cause a second device to: transmit or receive a sensing signal; and receive a sensing message obtained based on the sensing signal. For example, the sensing message may be received based on a transport setting associated with the sensing message.

The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings/descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

FIG. 14 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 14, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device/server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and/or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200)/network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle)/V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

Wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f)/base stations (200), and base stations (200)/base stations (200). Here, wireless communication/connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations/wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit/receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting/receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and/or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 14.

A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and/or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and/or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or a filter.

FIG. 16 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 16, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations/functions of FIG. 16 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 15. The hardware elements of FIG. 16 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 15. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 15. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 15, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 15.

The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 16. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 16. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 15) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

Figure 17 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case/service (see Figure 14). The embodiment of Figure 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 15 and may be composed of various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and/or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 15. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and/or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 15. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface in the memory unit (130).

The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit (I/O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 14, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 14, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 14, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 14, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 14, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 14, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (Fig. 14, 400), a base station (Fig. 14, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use/service.

In FIG. 17, various elements, components, units/parts, and/or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit/part, and/or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Below, the implementation example of Fig. 17 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 18 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input/output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 17, respectively.

The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input/output data/information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input/output ports, video input/output ports) for connection with external devices. The input/output unit (140c) can input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit (140c) obtains information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information/signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information/signals. The restored information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit (140c).

The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims (20)

In terms of method, A step of performing sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; A step of obtaining a sensing message based on the above sensing; and A step of transmitting the sensing message; including: A method in which the sensing message is transmitted based on transport settings related to the sensing message. In the first paragraph, A method in which the sensing message is transmitted based on the transport settings related to the characteristics or purpose of the sensing message. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the sensing message is transmitted based on a configuration related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a primary data radio bearer, based on at least one of sensing capability exchange and sensing assistance data transfer. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the sensing message is transmitted based on a data area, a configuration related to a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer, based on the sensing message being related to at least one of sensing data, a sensing result, or a sensing measurement result. In the first paragraph, A method further comprising: obtaining information about a threshold value related to the above transport settings. In paragraph 5, A method in which the sensing message is transmitted based on a setting related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a setting related to a primary data radio bearer, based on the size of the sensing message being less than or equal to the threshold value. In paragraph 5, A method in which the sensing message is transmitted based on a size greater than or equal to the threshold value, based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a configuration related to a secondary data radio bearer. In paragraph 5, A method in which the sensing message is transmitted based on a setting related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a setting related to a primary data radio bearer, based on the time required for transmission of the sensing message being less than or equal to the threshold value. In paragraph 5, A method in which the sensing message is transmitted based on a setting related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a setting related to a secondary data radio bearer, based on the time required for transmission of the sensing message being greater than or equal to the threshold value. In the first paragraph, Based on the above sensing message including 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) related sensing data, the sensing message is transmitted based on settings related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a primary data radio bearer, and A method wherein the sensing message is transmitted based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a secondary data radio bearer, based on the sensing message including non-3GPP related sensing data. In the first paragraph, Based on the destination of the sensing message being a 3GPP-related node, the sensing message is transmitted based on settings related to a control area, a signaling radio bearer, or a primary data radio bearer, and A method wherein the sensing message is transmitted based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a secondary data radio bearer, based on the destination of the sensing message being a non-3GPP related node. In the first paragraph, Based on the application of the 3GPP compression method to the above sensing message, the sensing message is transmitted based on the settings related to the control area, the signaling radio bearer, or the settings related to the primary data radio bearer, and A method wherein the sensing message is transmitted based on a configuration related to a data area, a data radio bearer, or a secondary data radio bearer, based on a non-3GPP compression method being applied to the sensing message. In the first paragraph, A method in which the sensing message is transmitted based on an area for the sensing message, which is distinct from a control area and a data area. In the first device, At least one transmitter/receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Perform sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; Obtaining a sensing message based on the above sensing; and To transmit the above sensing message, A first device, wherein the sensing message is transmitted based on transport settings related to the sensing message. In a processing device set to control a first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Perform sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; Obtaining a sensing message based on the above sensing; and To transmit the above sensing message, A processing device wherein the sensing message is transmitted based on transport settings associated with the sensing message. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Perform sensing on an object based on a sensing signal; Obtaining a sensing message based on the above sensing; and To transmit the above sensing message, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in which the sensing message is transmitted based on transport settings related to the sensing message. In terms of method, A step of transmitting or receiving a sensing signal; and A step of receiving a sensing message obtained based on the above sensing signal; including, A method in which the sensing message is received based on transport settings associated with the sensing message. In the second device, At least one transmitter/receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Transmitting or receiving a sensing signal; and Receive a sensing message obtained based on the above sensing signal, A second device, wherein the sensing message is received based on transport settings associated with the sensing message. In a processing device set to control a second device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Transmitting or receiving a sensing signal; and Receive a sensing message obtained based on the above sensing signal, A processing device wherein the sensing message is received based on transport settings associated with the sensing message. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: Transmitting or receiving a sensing signal; and Receive a sensing message obtained based on the above sensing signal, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in which the sensing message is received based on transport settings related to the sensing message.