The physiological parameters and blood biochemical parameters of wild Chukar partridges in the Su... more The physiological parameters and blood biochemical parameters of wild Chukar partridges in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq were measured in this study. During this research, 27 healthy Alectoris chukar partridges (9 males, 18 females), 8–12 months, were captured in the mountains of Penjwin district in the east of Sulaimani City from March to July 2022. Physiological parameters, including weight, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and cloacal temperature (CT), were recorded for each partridge. Blood samples were collected from the jugular or wing vein to determine the serum biochemical parameters such as alanine transaminase levels, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total proteins, albumin, globulin, glucose, and total bilirubin. The males were significantly larger in weight (498.7 g) than the females (446.5 g). However, no significant differences were observed in the physiological parameters’ values be...
Surra, a hemoprotozoan disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is considered endemic to livestock i... more Surra, a hemoprotozoan disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is considered endemic to livestock in Peninsular Malaysia and currently the very few drugs available for treatment of the disease are old, toxic or ineffective. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential antitrypanosomal activities of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of seeds of Nigella sativa and bulbs of Allium sativum, as well as the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of 11 medicinal plants, namely Acanthus ilicifolius, Aquilaria malaccensis, Cordyline terminalis, Derris elliptica, Garcinia hombroniana, Goniothalamus tapis, Goniothalamus umbrosus, Maesa ramentacea, Pereskia grandifolia, Plumeria rubra, and Strobilanthes crispus. The potency of each plant extract against T. evansi strain Te7 was screened through the determination of the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) on trypanosomes cultures in 24-well microtiter plates. The results of the study showed that the IC50 for G. umbrosus ethanolic extra...
Garcinia hombroniana has been used in Malay traditional medicine to treat various disorders such ... more Garcinia hombroniana has been used in Malay traditional medicine to treat various disorders such as abdominal pain and gonorrhea, and little is known about its toxicological properties. This study investigated the acute toxicological effects of the plant’s leaves aqueous extract using theoral acute toxic class (ATC) method. Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into T1, T2, T3 and control groups. The T1, T2 and T3 rats administered a single oral dose of 300, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of G. hombroniana leaves aqueous extract, respectively. The animals were checked daily for abnormal clinical signs and mortality rate for 14 days. The body weight, daily food and water consumption were recorded. The haematological and biochemical parameters of blood as well as relative organ weight and tissues histology such as heart, kidney, liver and spleen were evaluated. Results have shown significantly decreased (p< 0.05) food and water consumption in T2 and T3 rats, which returned to no...
Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of "surra", infects many species of wild and do... more Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of "surra", infects many species of wild and domestic animals worldwide. In the current study, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of six medicinal plants, namely, Aquilaria malaccensis, Derris elliptica, Garcinia hombroniana, Goniothalamus umbrosus, Nigella sativa, and Strobilanthes crispus were screened in vitro for activity against T. evansi. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was evaluated on green monkey kidney (Vero) cells using MTT-cell proliferation assay. The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the extracts ranged between 2.30 and 800.97 μg/ml and the median cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) ranged between 29.10 μg/ml and 14.53 mg/ml. The aqueous extract of G. hombroniana exhibited the highest selectivity index (SI) value of 616.36, followed by A. malaccensis aqueous extract (47.38). Phytochemical screening of the G. hombroniana aqueous extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. It i...
at the late stage post-infection. Our results provide evidence that the viral UL24 and UL43 gene ... more at the late stage post-infection. Our results provide evidence that the viral UL24 and UL43 gene products play a role in the SAMHD1 subcellular localization during HCMV infection.
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