diff --git a/Argument/LazyClosure.php b/Argument/LazyClosure.php
index 3e8718643..3dcc34e4f 100644
--- a/Argument/LazyClosure.php
+++ b/Argument/LazyClosure.php
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument;
 
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerBuilder;
-use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Definition;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Exception\RuntimeException;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Reference;
diff --git a/Compiler/CheckCircularReferencesPass.php b/Compiler/CheckCircularReferencesPass.php
index 7adb0b4d8..8a7c11383 100644
--- a/Compiler/CheckCircularReferencesPass.php
+++ b/Compiler/CheckCircularReferencesPass.php
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ private function checkOutEdges(array $edges): void
                 continue;
             }
 
-            $isLeaf = !!$node->getValue();
+            $isLeaf = (bool) $node->getValue();
             $isConcrete = !$edge->isLazy() && !$edge->isWeak();
 
             // Skip already checked lazy services if they are still lazy. Will not gain any new information.
diff --git a/Compiler/ResolveBindingsPass.php b/Compiler/ResolveBindingsPass.php
index 4fca2081b..b2c6f6ef7 100644
--- a/Compiler/ResolveBindingsPass.php
+++ b/Compiler/ResolveBindingsPass.php
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ protected function processValue(mixed $value, bool $isRoot = false): mixed
 
             foreach ($names as $key => $name) {
                 if (\array_key_exists($name, $arguments) && (0 === $key || \array_key_exists($key - 1, $arguments))) {
-                    if (!array_key_exists($key, $arguments)) {
+                    if (!\array_key_exists($key, $arguments)) {
                         $arguments[$key] = $arguments[$name];
                     }
                     unset($arguments[$name]);
diff --git a/ContainerBuilder.php b/ContainerBuilder.php
index e978cac41..e9970a26c 100644
--- a/ContainerBuilder.php
+++ b/ContainerBuilder.php
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ public function compile(bool $resolveEnvPlaceholders = false): void
 
         if ($bag instanceof EnvPlaceholderParameterBag) {
             if ($resolveEnvPlaceholders) {
-                $this->parameterBag = new ParameterBag($this->resolveEnvPlaceholders($bag->all(), true));
+                $this->parameterBag = new ParameterBag($this->resolveEnvPlaceholders($this->escapeParameters($bag->all()), true));
             }
 
             $this->envPlaceholders = $bag->getEnvPlaceholders();
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ private function createService(Definition $definition, array &$inlineServices, b
             if (!$definition->isDeprecated() && \is_array($factory) && \is_string($factory[0])) {
                 $r = new \ReflectionClass($factory[0]);
 
-                if (0 < strpos($r->getDocComment(), "\n * @deprecated ")) {
+                if (0 < strpos($r->getDocComment() ?: '', "\n * @deprecated ")) {
                     trigger_deprecation('', '', 'The "%s" service relies on the deprecated "%s" factory class. It should either be deprecated or its factory upgraded.', $id, $r->name);
                 }
             }
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ private function createService(Definition $definition, array &$inlineServices, b
                 $service = $r->getConstructor() ? $r->newInstanceArgs($arguments) : $r->newInstance();
             }
 
-            if (!$definition->isDeprecated() && 0 < strpos($r->getDocComment(), "\n * @deprecated ")) {
+            if (!$definition->isDeprecated() && 0 < strpos($r->getDocComment() ?: '', "\n * @deprecated ")) {
                 trigger_deprecation('', '', 'The "%s" service relies on the deprecated "%s" class. It should either be deprecated or its implementation upgraded.', $id, $r->name);
             }
         }
@@ -1777,4 +1777,18 @@ private function inVendors(string $path): bool
 
         return $this->pathsInVendor[$path] = false;
     }
+
+    private function escapeParameters(array $parameters): array
+    {
+        $params = [];
+        foreach ($parameters as $k => $v) {
+            $params[$k] = match (true) {
+                \is_array($v) => $this->escapeParameters($v),
+                \is_string($v) => str_replace('%', '%%', $v),
+                default => $v,
+            };
+        }
+
+        return $params;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Dumper/PhpDumper.php b/Dumper/PhpDumper.php
index 9568ad26b..fb2d45f92 100644
--- a/Dumper/PhpDumper.php
+++ b/Dumper/PhpDumper.php
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ private function collectLineage(string $class, array &$lineage): void
             return;
         }
         $file = $r->getFileName();
-        if (str_ends_with($file, ') : eval()\'d code')) {
+        if ($file && str_ends_with($file, ') : eval()\'d code')) {
             $file = substr($file, 0, strrpos($file, '(', -17));
         }
         if (!$file || $this->doExport($file) === $exportedFile = $this->export($file)) {
@@ -574,12 +574,13 @@ private function generateProxyClasses(): array
                     continue;
                 }
                 do {
-                    $file = $r->getFileName();
-                    if (str_ends_with($file, ') : eval()\'d code')) {
-                        $file = substr($file, 0, strrpos($file, '(', -17));
-                    }
-                    if (is_file($file)) {
-                        $this->container->addResource(new FileResource($file));
+                    if ($file = $r->getFileName()) {
+                        if (str_ends_with($file, ') : eval()\'d code')) {
+                            $file = substr($file, 0, strrpos($file, '(', -17));
+                        }
+                        if (is_file($file)) {
+                            $this->container->addResource(new FileResource($file));
+                        }
                     }
                     $r = $r->getParentClass() ?: null;
                 } while ($r?->isUserDefined());
diff --git a/Loader/XmlFileLoader.php b/Loader/XmlFileLoader.php
index f59698066..eed874cd9 100644
--- a/Loader/XmlFileLoader.php
+++ b/Loader/XmlFileLoader.php
@@ -339,7 +339,11 @@ private function parseDefinition(\DOMElement $service, string $file, Definition
         }
 
         foreach ($this->getChildren($service, 'call') as $call) {
-            $definition->addMethodCall($call->getAttribute('method'), $this->getArgumentsAsPhp($call, 'argument', $file), XmlUtils::phpize($call->getAttribute('returns-clone')));
+            $definition->addMethodCall(
+                $call->getAttribute('method'),
+                $this->getArgumentsAsPhp($call, 'argument', $file),
+                XmlUtils::phpize($call->getAttribute('returns-clone')) ?: false
+            );
         }
 
         $tags = $this->getChildren($service, 'tag');
diff --git a/Tests/Argument/LazyClosureTest.php b/Tests/Argument/LazyClosureTest.php
index 9652a86fd..e1b5c2a90 100644
--- a/Tests/Argument/LazyClosureTest.php
+++ b/Tests/Argument/LazyClosureTest.php
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 
 namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Tests\Argument;
 
-use InvalidArgumentException;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\LazyClosure;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerBuilder;
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ public function testMagicGetThrows()
     {
         $closure = new LazyClosure(fn () => null);
 
-        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
         $this->expectExceptionMessage('Cannot read property "foo" from a lazy closure.');
 
         $closure->foo;
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ public function testThrowsWhenNotUsingInterface()
         $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
         $this->expectExceptionMessage('Cannot create adapter for service "foo" because "Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Tests\Argument\LazyClosureTest" is not an interface.');
 
-        LazyClosure::getCode('foo', [new \stdClass(), 'bar'], LazyClosureTest::class, new ContainerBuilder(), 'foo');
+        LazyClosure::getCode('foo', [new \stdClass(), 'bar'], self::class, new ContainerBuilder(), 'foo');
     }
 
     public function testThrowsOnNonFunctionalInterface()
@@ -62,5 +61,6 @@ public function foo();
 interface NonFunctionalInterface
 {
     public function foo();
+
     public function bar();
 }
diff --git a/Tests/ContainerBuilderTest.php b/Tests/ContainerBuilderTest.php
index 73be8aaed..04a8cb01d 100644
--- a/Tests/ContainerBuilderTest.php
+++ b/Tests/ContainerBuilderTest.php
@@ -892,6 +892,7 @@ public function testCompileWithResolveEnv()
         $container->setParameter('bar', '%% %env(DUMMY_ENV_VAR)% %env(DUMMY_SERVER_VAR)% %env(HTTP_DUMMY_VAR)%');
         $container->setParameter('foo', '%env(FOO)%');
         $container->setParameter('baz', '%foo%');
+        $container->setParameter('qux', '%%quux%%');
         $container->setParameter('env(HTTP_DUMMY_VAR)', '123');
         $container->register('teatime', 'stdClass')
             ->setProperty('foo', '%env(DUMMY_ENV_VAR)%')
@@ -1136,7 +1137,7 @@ public function testAddObjectResource()
 
         $this->assertCount(1, $resources);
 
-        /* @var FileResource $resource */
+        /** @var FileResource $resource */
         $resource = end($resources);
 
         $this->assertInstanceOf(FileResource::class, $resource);
diff --git a/Tests/Loader/XmlFileLoaderTest.php b/Tests/Loader/XmlFileLoaderTest.php
index 1b4361411..f962fa106 100644
--- a/Tests/Loader/XmlFileLoaderTest.php
+++ b/Tests/Loader/XmlFileLoaderTest.php
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ public function testStaticConstructor()
     public function testStaticConstructorWithFactoryThrows()
     {
         $container = new ContainerBuilder();
-        $loader = new XmlFileLoader($container, new FileLocator(self::$fixturesPath . '/xml'));
+        $loader = new XmlFileLoader($container, new FileLocator(self::$fixturesPath.'/xml'));
 
         $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
         $this->expectExceptionMessage('The "static_constructor" service cannot declare a factory as well as a constructor.');
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ public function testUnknownConstantAsKey()
     public function testDeprecatedTagged()
     {
         $container = new ContainerBuilder();
-        $loader = new XmlFileLoader($container, new FileLocator(self::$fixturesPath . '/xml'));
+        $loader = new XmlFileLoader($container, new FileLocator(self::$fixturesPath.'/xml'));
 
         $this->expectUserDeprecationMessage(\sprintf('Since symfony/dependency-injection 7.2: Type "tagged" is deprecated for tag <argument>, use "tagged_iterator" instead in "%s/xml%sservices_with_deprecated_tagged.xml".', self::$fixturesPath, \DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR));