diff --git a/src/agents/mcp/server.py b/src/agents/mcp/server.py
index d75b0c4e0..0acb1345a 100644
--- a/src/agents/mcp/server.py
+++ b/src/agents/mcp/server.py
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 import abc
 import asyncio
 import inspect
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
 from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AsyncExitStack
 from datetime import timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar
 
 from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
 from mcp import ClientSession, StdioServerParameters, Tool as MCPTool, stdio_client
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@
 from ..run_context import RunContextWrapper
 from .util import ToolFilter, ToolFilterContext, ToolFilterStatic
 
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ..agent import AgentBase
 
@@ -98,6 +101,8 @@ def __init__(
         client_session_timeout_seconds: float | None,
         tool_filter: ToolFilter = None,
         use_structured_content: bool = False,
+        max_retry_attempts: int = 0,
+        retry_backoff_seconds_base: float = 1.0,
     ):
         """
         Args:
@@ -115,6 +120,10 @@ def __init__(
                 include the structured content in the `tool_result.content`, and using it by
                 default will cause duplicate content. You can set this to True if you know the
                 server will not duplicate the structured content in the `tool_result.content`.
+            max_retry_attempts: Number of times to retry failed list_tools/call_tool calls.
+                Defaults to no retries.
+            retry_backoff_seconds_base: The base delay, in seconds, used for exponential
+                backoff between retries.
         """
         super().__init__(use_structured_content=use_structured_content)
         self.session: ClientSession | None = None
@@ -124,6 +133,8 @@ def __init__(
         self.server_initialize_result: InitializeResult | None = None
 
         self.client_session_timeout_seconds = client_session_timeout_seconds
+        self.max_retry_attempts = max_retry_attempts
+        self.retry_backoff_seconds_base = retry_backoff_seconds_base
 
         # The cache is always dirty at startup, so that we fetch tools at least once
         self._cache_dirty = True
@@ -233,6 +244,18 @@ def invalidate_tools_cache(self):
         """Invalidate the tools cache."""
         self._cache_dirty = True
 
+    async def _run_with_retries(self, func: Callable[[], Awaitable[T]]) -> T:
+        attempts = 0
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return await func()
+            except Exception:
+                attempts += 1
+                if self.max_retry_attempts != -1 and attempts > self.max_retry_attempts:
+                    raise
+                backoff = self.retry_backoff_seconds_base * (2 ** (attempts - 1))
+                await asyncio.sleep(backoff)
+
     async def connect(self):
         """Connect to the server."""
         try:
@@ -267,15 +290,17 @@ async def list_tools(
         """List the tools available on the server."""
         if not self.session:
             raise UserError("Server not initialized. Make sure you call `connect()` first.")
+        session = self.session
+        assert session is not None
 
         # Return from cache if caching is enabled, we have tools, and the cache is not dirty
         if self.cache_tools_list and not self._cache_dirty and self._tools_list:
             tools = self._tools_list
         else:
-            # Reset the cache dirty to False
-            self._cache_dirty = False
             # Fetch the tools from the server
-            self._tools_list = (await self.session.list_tools()).tools
+            result = await self._run_with_retries(lambda: session.list_tools())
+            self._tools_list = result.tools
+            self._cache_dirty = False
             tools = self._tools_list
 
         # Filter tools based on tool_filter
@@ -290,8 +315,10 @@ async def call_tool(self, tool_name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any] | None) -> C
         """Invoke a tool on the server."""
         if not self.session:
             raise UserError("Server not initialized. Make sure you call `connect()` first.")
+        session = self.session
+        assert session is not None
 
-        return await self.session.call_tool(tool_name, arguments)
+        return await self._run_with_retries(lambda: session.call_tool(tool_name, arguments))
 
     async def list_prompts(
         self,
@@ -365,6 +392,8 @@ def __init__(
         client_session_timeout_seconds: float | None = 5,
         tool_filter: ToolFilter = None,
         use_structured_content: bool = False,
+        max_retry_attempts: int = 0,
+        retry_backoff_seconds_base: float = 1.0,
     ):
         """Create a new MCP server based on the stdio transport.
 
@@ -388,12 +417,18 @@ def __init__(
                 include the structured content in the `tool_result.content`, and using it by
                 default will cause duplicate content. You can set this to True if you know the
                 server will not duplicate the structured content in the `tool_result.content`.
+            max_retry_attempts: Number of times to retry failed list_tools/call_tool calls.
+                Defaults to no retries.
+            retry_backoff_seconds_base: The base delay, in seconds, for exponential
+                backoff between retries.
         """
         super().__init__(
             cache_tools_list,
             client_session_timeout_seconds,
             tool_filter,
             use_structured_content,
+            max_retry_attempts,
+            retry_backoff_seconds_base,
         )
 
         self.params = StdioServerParameters(
@@ -455,6 +490,8 @@ def __init__(
         client_session_timeout_seconds: float | None = 5,
         tool_filter: ToolFilter = None,
         use_structured_content: bool = False,
+        max_retry_attempts: int = 0,
+        retry_backoff_seconds_base: float = 1.0,
     ):
         """Create a new MCP server based on the HTTP with SSE transport.
 
@@ -480,12 +517,18 @@ def __init__(
                 include the structured content in the `tool_result.content`, and using it by
                 default will cause duplicate content. You can set this to True if you know the
                 server will not duplicate the structured content in the `tool_result.content`.
+            max_retry_attempts: Number of times to retry failed list_tools/call_tool calls.
+                Defaults to no retries.
+            retry_backoff_seconds_base: The base delay, in seconds, for exponential
+                backoff between retries.
         """
         super().__init__(
             cache_tools_list,
             client_session_timeout_seconds,
             tool_filter,
             use_structured_content,
+            max_retry_attempts,
+            retry_backoff_seconds_base,
         )
 
         self.params = params
@@ -547,6 +590,8 @@ def __init__(
         client_session_timeout_seconds: float | None = 5,
         tool_filter: ToolFilter = None,
         use_structured_content: bool = False,
+        max_retry_attempts: int = 0,
+        retry_backoff_seconds_base: float = 1.0,
     ):
         """Create a new MCP server based on the Streamable HTTP transport.
 
@@ -573,12 +618,18 @@ def __init__(
                 include the structured content in the `tool_result.content`, and using it by
                 default will cause duplicate content. You can set this to True if you know the
                 server will not duplicate the structured content in the `tool_result.content`.
+            max_retry_attempts: Number of times to retry failed list_tools/call_tool calls.
+                Defaults to no retries.
+            retry_backoff_seconds_base: The base delay, in seconds, for exponential
+                backoff between retries.
         """
         super().__init__(
             cache_tools_list,
             client_session_timeout_seconds,
             tool_filter,
             use_structured_content,
+            max_retry_attempts,
+            retry_backoff_seconds_base,
         )
 
         self.params = params
diff --git a/tests/mcp/test_client_session_retries.py b/tests/mcp/test_client_session_retries.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cc292a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mcp/test_client_session_retries.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+from typing import cast
+
+import pytest
+from mcp import ClientSession, Tool as MCPTool
+from mcp.types import CallToolResult, ListToolsResult
+
+from agents.mcp.server import _MCPServerWithClientSession
+
+
+class DummySession:
+    def __init__(self, fail_call_tool: int = 0, fail_list_tools: int = 0):
+        self.fail_call_tool = fail_call_tool
+        self.fail_list_tools = fail_list_tools
+        self.call_tool_attempts = 0
+        self.list_tools_attempts = 0
+
+    async def call_tool(self, tool_name, arguments):
+        self.call_tool_attempts += 1
+        if self.call_tool_attempts <= self.fail_call_tool:
+            raise RuntimeError("call_tool failure")
+        return CallToolResult(content=[])
+
+    async def list_tools(self):
+        self.list_tools_attempts += 1
+        if self.list_tools_attempts <= self.fail_list_tools:
+            raise RuntimeError("list_tools failure")
+        return ListToolsResult(tools=[MCPTool(name="tool", inputSchema={})])
+
+
+class DummyServer(_MCPServerWithClientSession):
+    def __init__(self, session: DummySession, retries: int):
+        super().__init__(
+            cache_tools_list=False,
+            client_session_timeout_seconds=None,
+            max_retry_attempts=retries,
+            retry_backoff_seconds_base=0,
+        )
+        self.session = cast(ClientSession, session)
+
+    def create_streams(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return "dummy"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_call_tool_retries_until_success():
+    session = DummySession(fail_call_tool=2)
+    server = DummyServer(session=session, retries=2)
+    result = await server.call_tool("tool", None)
+    assert isinstance(result, CallToolResult)
+    assert session.call_tool_attempts == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_list_tools_unlimited_retries():
+    session = DummySession(fail_list_tools=3)
+    server = DummyServer(session=session, retries=-1)
+    tools = await server.list_tools()
+    assert len(tools) == 1
+    assert tools[0].name == "tool"
+    assert session.list_tools_attempts == 4