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Uji Daya Hambat Fraksi Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum sp.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Asmarani, Asmarani; Eso, Amiruddin; Mulyawati, Sufiah Asri
Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan Vol 3, No 1 (2017): Pharmauho
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (186.352 KB) | DOI: 10.33772/pharmauho.v3i1.3446

Abstract

This study aimed to find out the inhibitory fraction of brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This study applied quasi experimental method which used posttest-only control design. Samples used in the form of brown seaweed treatment fraction derived from Desa Bungin Permai Kecamatan Tinanggea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. The inhibition test was conducted by diffusion agar method used variant concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) with three repetitions. Erythromycin as control (+) and DMSO 10% as control (-). The result showed that the fraction of brown seaweed extract has antibacterial properties towards Staphylococcus aureus with the clear zone around the paper disc. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction was at the concentration of 20%. Fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate have strong inhibition towards Staphylococcus aureus.Keywords: Inhibitory, Staphylococcus aureus, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, MIC
Keragaman Mikroorganisme pada Swab Vagina Perempuan Menopause di Kota Kendari Tahun 2020 Purnamasari, Yenti; Saimin, Juminten; Mulyawati, Sufiah Asri
MEDULA Vol 8, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Halu Oleo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46496/medula.v8i2.19244

Abstract

ABSTRAK Ketidakseimbangan mikrobiota vagina akibat berbagai perubahan fisiologis dan hormonal wanita pramenoupause tentunya akan mempengaruhi keberagaman flora pada lingkungan vagina. Flora mikroba dalam  vagina  bersifat  heterogen.  Keseimbangan  mikrobiota  pathogen  dan  non  patogen  dipengaruhi berapa faktor seperti keasaman, kelembaban dan lainnya dimana pada perempuan menopause sudah mulai terjadi perubahan. Telah dilakukan sebuah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran mikrobiota pada swab vagina perempuan menopause di kota Kendari pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2020. Sebanyak 32 sampel swab vagina perempuan menopause dijadikan sampel padapenelitian ini. Terhadap keseluruhan sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan KOH serta kultur PDA dan SDA untuk melihat jamur, pewarnaan Giemsa untuk melihat parasit, kultur pada medium MC dan MSA untuk melihat bakteri. Dari hasil yang diperoleh ditemukan bakteri gram positif, bakteri gram negatif, jamur dan parasit. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut untuk identifikasi mikrobiota yang didapatkan pada sampel penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Mikroorganisme, Swab Vagina, Menopause.
PERAN CIVITAS AKADEMIKA PERGURUAN TINGGI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN IBU DAN ANAK PADA ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI WILAYAH PESISIR KOTA KENDARI Udu, Waode Sitti Asfiah; Saimin, Juminten; Purnamasari, Nur Indah; Mulyawati, Sufiah Asri; Purnamasari, Yenti
Anoa : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Sosial, Politik, Budaya, Hukum, Ekonomi Vol 2, No 3 (2021): OKTOBER
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (152.748 KB) | DOI: 10.52423/anoa.v2i3.21478

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) sejak ditetapkan tanggal 11 Maret 2020 oleh WHO sebagai pandemi masih menjadi alasan pembatasan pelaksaan kegiatan secara tatap muka. Bahkan di Indonesia tercatat laporan kasus pasien yang terinfeksi COVID-19 pada bulan Juni semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan surat keputusan walikota Kendari No 655 tahun 2021 menetapkan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat Level 3 yang diberlakukan sejak 10 Agustus 2021 di kota Kendari. Pelaksanaan kegiatan secara dalam jaringan (daring) dirasakan tidak sepenuhnya menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat terkait kesehatan, termasuk dalam hal kesehatan ibu dan anak. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Kambu dan Kecamatan Abeli ini diharapkan dapat secara efektif mengidentifikasi hambatan dan keterbatasan pada masyarakat dalam mendapatkan pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan ibu dan anak serta kemudian menciptakan program kegiatan yang diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini meliputi: Edukasi Pencegahan dan Penanganan Penyakit Ibu dan Anak, Edukasi Pentingnya Imunisasi dalam pencegahan penyakit menular pada ibu dan anak, Edukasi Mengenai Stunting pada Anak, Skrining Stunting pada Balita, Edukasi Pentingnya Pencegahan Penularan dan Penanganan COVID-19, Distribusi paket masker, Face Shield dan Handsanitizer, Edukasi Pentingnya Penggunaan Masker dan Face Shield Balita, Pemberdayaan UMKM dalam membuat APD, Pemasangan Watafel Tempat Cuci Tangan, Pemasangan Poster Pentingnya Mencuci Tangan dan Poster Cara mencuci Tangan yang Baik dan Benar, Edukasi Pembuatan Desinfektan yang Mudah Dilakukan di Rumah, dan Publikasi Kegiatan.
Uji Daya Hambat Fraksi Rumput Laut Merah Kappaphycus sp. terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Yusmiati Yusmiati; Amiruddin Eso
MEDULA JURNAL ILMIAH FAKULLTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Halu Oleo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (283.822 KB) | DOI: 10.46496/medula.v4i1.2558

Abstract

Background:Staphylococcus aureus is gram positive bacteria can cause skin infections, pericarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome. S. aureus common infection cause and found massively to be resistant to some antibiotics. Kappaphycus sp. is one type of red seaweed that has an bioactive compounds as antibacterial activity. Research Purposes:The purpose of this research determine the fraction of red seaweed Kappaphycus sp. to inhibition the growth of bacteria staphylococcus aureusResearch Methods:this research used experimental of design post test control only. Samples were obtained from the sub Tononggeu, Abeli. Inhibition test using disc diffusion method of various types of concentrations of fractions. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by the lowest concentration that could inhibit the growth of bacteria. Positive control cefadroxil and negative control DMSO 10%. Research result:The result of this research shown that the fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate red seaweed Kappaphycus sp. has activity against bacterial growth Staphylococcus aureus seen with the clear zone. Diameter of clear zone obtained in n-hexane fraction is 27,3 mm (4000 ppm), 23,3 mm (2000 ppm), 22,3 mm (1000 ppm), 4,3 mm (500 ppm), 2 mm (250 ppm) and is 0 mm (125 ppm), while the fraction of ethyl acetate 24,6 mm (4000 ppm), 22 mm (2000 ppm), 19,6 mm (1000 ppm), 4,3 mm (500 ppm), 1,3 mm (250 ppm) and 0 mm (125 ppm). MIC of n-hexane fraction was 250 ppm with a diameter of 2 mm, and the ethyl acetate fraction was 250 ppm with a diameter of 1,3 mm. Conclusion:The conclusion of this research is the fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction red seaweed Kappaphycus sp. has particulary inhibitory effect on bacterial growth staphylococcus aureusKeywords: Inhibition, Kappaphycus sp., antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus.
Uji Daya Hambat Fraksi N-Heksan dan Etil Asetat Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum sp.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (Inhibitory Effect of N-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Sargassum sp. Seaweeds against Staphylococcus aureus) Amiruddin Eso; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Eka Rahmawati
MEDULA JURNAL ILMIAH FAKULLTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Halu Oleo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (105.14 KB) | DOI: 10.46496/medula.v7i1.11829

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that causes pyogenic infectious disease, such as boils, pimples, endocarditis and sepsis. Resistance of S. aureus is continued growth that made it becomes a very serious problem that need to be solved by looking for another effective alternative for this infection. Several of marine life can be used as a source of antibacterial medication, antiviral, and antifungal. One alternative of antibacterial that comes from water resources is brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.). Purposes: This study aimed to find out the inhibitory fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate of Sargassum sp. against the growth of S. aureus Methods: This study applied quasi experimental method which used posttest-only control design. Samples used in the form of brown seaweed treatment of fraction n-hexane and Ethyl acetate derived from Desa Bungin Permai Kecamatan Tinanggea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. The fraction inhibition test was conducted by diffusion agar method used variant concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) with three repetitions. Erythromycin as control (+) and DMSO 10% as control (-).Result: The study result showed that the n-hexane and Ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum sp. extract was able in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus that seen with the clear zone around the paper disc. Based on this result, the minimum inhibitory fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate obtained in this study was at the concentration of 20%. The diameter average of inhibition zone in both fractions in the concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% were 9.3 mm, 12.3 mm, 25.6 mm, 27 mm, 27.7 mm for n-hexane fraction, mean while the diameter average of inhibition zone in the ethyl acetate fraction was 4.6 mm, 16 mm, 19.3mm, 27.6mm, 29.6 mm. ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 40%, 80%,100% inhibitory zone diameter higher than the fraction of n-hexane while at a concentration of 20% and 60% inhibitory zone diameter higner than the fraction of ethyl acetate. Conclusion: Based on the result of the study, it was concluded that the fraction of n-hexane and ethyl acetate of Sargassum sp. has an inhibitory effect against the growth of S. aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction was at the concentration of 20%. Fraction of n-heksan and ethyl acetate equally have a strong inhibition of the growth of S. aureus bacteria. Keywords : ethyl acetate fraction, minimum inhibitory concentration, n-hexane fraction, Sargassum sp, Staphylococcus aureus Latar Belakang: Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri gram positif penyebab terjadinya penyakit infeksi yang bersifat piogenik seperti bisul, jerawat, endokarditis dan sepsis. Kejadian resistensi antibakteri terhadap S. aureus terus meningkat sehingga menjadi masalah yang sangat serius sehingga diperlukan alternatif lain untuk mengatasi penyakit infeksi yang lebih efektif. Beberapa hasil biota laut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri, antivirus dan antijamur. Salah satu bahan alternatif sebagai antibakteri yang berasal dari sumber perairan yakni rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum sp.). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat fraksi N-Heksana dan Etil Asetat Sargassum sp. terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan desain post test-only control. Sampel yang digunakan berupa perlakuan fraksi N-Heksan dan Etil Asetat Sargassum sp. yang berasal dari Desa Bungin Permai Kecamatan Tinanggea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Pengujian daya hambat dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar dalam berbagai konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Eritromisin yang digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO 10% (Dimetil sulfoksida) sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi Sargassum sp. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus yang dilihat dengan adanya zona bening disekitar kertas cakram. Konsentrasi hambat minimum dari kedua fraksi pada konsentrasi 20%. Perbedaan rerata diameter zona hambat pada kedua fraksi dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% yaitu sebesar 9,3 mm,12,3 mm, 25,6 mm, 27 mm, 27,7 mm pada fraksi n- heksan dan 4,6 mm, 16 mm, 19,3 mm, 27,6 mm, 29,6 mm pada fraksi etil asetat. Fraksi etil asetat pada konsentrasi 40%, 80%, 100% diameter zona hambatnya lebih tinggi dari pada fraksi n-heksan sedangkan pada fraksi n-heksan konsentrasi 20% dan 60% diameter zona hambatnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan fraksi etil asetat. Simpulan: Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi etil asetat Sargassum sp. mempunyai daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus ekstrak rumput laut cokelat mengandung senyawa flavonoid, steroid, saponin dan tannin. Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM ) dari kedua fraksi yaitu pada konsentrasi 20 %. Fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat mempunyai daya hambat yang kuat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureusKata Kunci : fraksi etil asetat, fraksi n-heksan, Kadar Hambat Minimun, Sargassum sp,  Staphylococcus aureus
Keragaman Mikroorganisme pada Swab Vagina Perempuan Menopause di Kota Kendari Tahun 2020 Yenti Purnamasari; Juminten Saimin; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati
MEDULA JURNAL ILMIAH FAKULLTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO Vol 8, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Halu Oleo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46496/medula.v8i2.20617

Abstract

ABSTRAKKetidakseimbangan mikrobiota vagina akibat berbagai perubahan fisiologis dan hormonal wanita pramenoupause tentunya akan mempengaruhi keberagaman flora pada lingkungan vagina. Flora mikroba dalam  vagina  bersifat  heterogen.  Keseimbangan  mikrobiota  pathogen  dan  non  patogen  dipengaruhi berapa faktor seperti keasaman, kelembaban dan lainnya dimana pada perempuan menopause sudah mulai terjadi perubahan. Telah dilakukan sebuah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran mikrobiota pada swab vagina perempuan menopause di kota Kendari pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2020. Sebanyak 32 sampel swab vagina perempuan menopause dijadikan sampel padapenelitian ini. Terhadap keseluruhan sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan KOH serta kultur PDA dan SDA untuk melihat jamur, pewarnaan Giemsa untuk melihat parasit, kultur pada medium MC dan MSA untuk melihat bakteri. Dari hasil yang diperoleh ditemukan bakteri gram positif, bakteri gram negatif, jamur dan parasit. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut untuk identifikasi mikrobiota yang didapatkan pada sampel penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Mikroorganisme, Swab Vagina, Menopause.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Momordica charantia L. Fruit Ethanol Extract on Phagocytic Activity and Capacity of Mice Peritoneal Macrophages Parawansah Parawansah; Tomy Nurtamin; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Nuralifah Nuralifah; Wa Ode Arlina Misnaeni
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v10i2.390

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this research is to understand the secondary metabolites of Momordica charantia L. extract, as well as to disclose the potential of M. charantia extract in the phagocytic activity and capacity of peritoneummacrophages.METHODS: Examination of immunomodulatory effect was done by giving M. charantia ethanol extract on 5 treatment groups, given intra-peritoneally to mice daily. Echinacea extract as positive control and double distilled water as negative control were also given. On the 8th day, mice were infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis. After 30 minutes, peritoneum fluid was obtained to observe the activity and capacity of macrophage cells.RESULTS: The results showed significant phagocytic activity (p<0.05) at a concentration of 1,200 ppm compare to the other groups. Meanwhile the macrophage cell capacity was found statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The highest phagocytic activity was the group treated with 1,200 ppm (62%), significantly higher than other groups.CONCLUSION: The secondary metabolite content of M. charantia is alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. The 1,200 ppm M. charantia ethanol extract is potential in inducing phagocytic activity and capacity. These results indicate that the M. charantia can be suggested as a natural immunomodulator.KEYWORDS: pare fruit, Momordica charantia L., phagocytosis, macrophage, immunomodulator
Microbiological and Biochemical Contamination Analysis of Refilled Drinking-water in Abeli, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Juminten Saimin; Hartati Hartati; Yenti Purnamasari; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Tien Tien; Pranita Ayitrina
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.871

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The access to safe drinkingwater is increasingly difficult, especially in water catchment or coastal areas. Due to the difficulty, people in coastal areas tend to consume ready-to-use refilled drinking-water. However, the sanitation facilities on most drinking-water refill depots do not meet the requirements, hence really prone to microbial contamination. We conducted this study to determine the types of bacteria causing the contamination of refilled drinking-water from refill depots in Abeli, a coastal area in Kendari.METHODS: Samples were collected from all 6 drinkingwater refill depots in Abeli. Three-series fermentation tubes were used for the microbiological test, including the presumptive, confirmative and completed tests. The biochemical test was performed with indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, and citrate utilization test (IMViC) methods and the triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) test.RESULTS: Among 6 refilled drinking-water samples, we found the growth of coliform bacterial colonies in 3 samples, exhibiting various characteristics. Based on the characteristics, both microbiological and biochemical, the identified bacteria were Proteus sp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca.CONCLUSION: Bacteria that contaminated refilled drinking-water in Abeli were Proteus sp., E. coli and K. oxytoca. Continuous supervision is required to ensure the quality of water from drinking-water refill depots.KEYWORDS: bacteria, Proteus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, coastal areas, refilled drinking water
Vaginal Acidity Affects Vaginal Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women Juminten Saimin; Yenti Purnamasari; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Nur Indah Purnamasari; Arimaswati Arimaswati; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i2.1836

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The changes in vaginal acidity impact the composition of the vaginal microbiota, either commensal or pathogenic. After menopause, the vaginal tract is more susceptible to infection. Current study was conducted to analyze the effect of vaginal acidity changes on the vaginal microbiota composition in menopausal women.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 subjects with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Vaginal pH was measured using a strip with colorimetric examination. The detection of Candida sp. was done by using 10% potassium hydroxide. Meanwhile for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus crispatus, polymerase chain reaction was performed. The data were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: G. vaginalis was the mostly found pathogenic microorganism in current study (40.63%), followed by Candida sp. (25%). Further analysis showed that G. vaginalis were found in L. crispatus positive samples for 9 cases and L. iners positive samples for 9 cases. Candida sp. had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=8.273), T. vaginalis had a reduced risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=0.765), G. vaginalis had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=1.440), L. crispatus had an reduced risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=0.077), while L. crispatus had an increased risk at vaginal pH ≥6 (OR=1.111).CONCLUSION: Vaginal acidity alterations in postmenopausal women affect either commensal or pathogenic microorganism composition. A decrease in the number of L. crispatus and an increase in the number of L. iners and pathogenic microorganisms is in line with the increase of pH.KEYWORDS: Lactobacillus, microbiota, menopause, pathogenic microorganisms, vaginal acidity
Implementation of a Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Through Education and Simulation on How to Wash Hands: Penerapan Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Melalui Edukasi dan Simulasi Cara Mencuci Tangan Juminten Juminten; Waode Sitti Asfiah Udu; Nur Indah Purnamasari; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Saida Saida
Mattawang: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Yayasan Ahmar Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (634.703 KB) | DOI: 10.35877/454RI.mattawang1186

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The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of students about washing hands using soap and running water as well as hand sanitizer. The method used is counseling with lectures, discussions, questions and answers and demonstrations. The results were from 20 participants at SDN 75 Kendari, Abeli ​​Village in Kendari City. The number of students participating in the counseling obtained a pretest score of 40% (8 children) and a posttest score of 85% (17 children). There was a change in knowledge before being given counseling compared to after being given counseling by 45%. The interest of students to apply hand washing is very large, so that the counseling is easily accepted and can create a positive attitude towards the messages conveyed that affect student behavior. Abstrak Tujuan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku siswa tentang mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun dan air mengalir serta hands sanitizer. Metode yang digunakan penyuluhan dengan ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab dan demostrasi. Adapun hasilnya dari 20 peserta di SDN 75 Kendari Kelurahan Abeli Dalam Kota Kendari. Jumlah peserta siswa yang mengikuti penyuluhan didapatkan nilai pretest sebesar sebesar 40% (8 orang anak) dan nilai posttest sebesar 85% (17 orang anak). Terjadi perubahan pengetahuan sebelum diberikan penyuluhan dibandingkan dengan setelah diberikan penyuluhan sebesar 45%. Minat siswa untuk menerapkan mencuci tangan sangat besar, sehingga penyuluhan tersebut mudah diterima dan dapat menciptakan sikap yang positif terhadap pesan yang disampaikan yang memengaruhi perilaku siswa.